育路編輯特別為您整理“2011年考研英語全真沖刺模擬試題”供各位考生沖刺使用。

    全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語（一）全真沖刺試卷Ⅰ

    Simulated National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates

    （2011）

    考生注意事項(xiàng)

    1. 考生必須嚴(yán)格遵守各項(xiàng)考場規(guī)則。

    2. 答題前，考生應(yīng)按準(zhǔn)考證上的有關(guān)內(nèi)容填寫答題卡上的“考生姓名”、“報(bào)考單位”、“考生編號”等信息。

    3. 答案必須按要求填涂或?qū)懺谥付ǖ拇痤}卡上。

    （1） 英語知識運(yùn)用、閱讀理解A節(jié)、B節(jié)的答案填涂在答題卡1上。填涂部分應(yīng)該按照答題卡上的要求用2B鉛筆完成。如要改動，必須用橡皮擦干凈。

    （2） 閱讀理解部分C節(jié)的答案和作文必須用（藍(lán)）黑色字跡鋼筆、圓珠筆或簽字筆在答題卡2上作答。字跡要清楚。

    4. 考試結(jié)束，將答題卡1、答題卡2及試題一并裝入試題袋中交回。

    考試時(shí)間

    滿分180分鐘100分得分

    Section ⅠUse of English

    Directions：

    Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）

    Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English， for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as England. 1， the British Isles contain a variety of peoples， and only the people of England call themselves English. The others 2 to themselves as Welsh， Scottish， or Irish， 3 the case may be； they are often slightly annoyed 4 being classified as “English”。

    Even in England there are many 5 in regional character and speech. The chief 6 is between southern England and northern England. South of a 7 going from Bristol to London， people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students， 8 there are local variations.

    Further north regional speech is usually “9”than that of southern Britain. Northerners are 10 to claim that they work harder than Southerners， and are more 11. They are open-hearted and hospitable； foreigners often find that they make friends with them 12. Northerners generally have hearty 13： the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire， for instance， may look forward to receiving generous 14 at meal times.

    In accent and character the people of the Midlands 15 a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman.

    In Scotland the sound 16 by the letter “R” is generally a strong sound， and “R” is often pronounced in words in which it would be 17 in southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious， cautious， thrifty people， 18 inventive and somewhat mystical. All the Celtic peoples of Britain （the Welsh， the Irish， the Scots） are frequently 19 as being more “fiery” than the English. They are 20 a race that is quite distinct from the English. （289 words）

    Notes： fiery暴躁的，易怒的。

    1. [A]In consequence[B]In brief[C]In general[D]In fact

    2. [A]confine[B]attach[C]refer[D]add

    3. [A]as[B]which[C]for[D]so

    4. [A]with[B]by[C]at[D]for

    5. [A]similarities[B]differences[C]certainties[D]features

    6. [A]factor[B]virtue[C]privilege[D]division

    7. [A]line[B]row[C]border[D]scale

    8. [A]who[B]when[C]though[D]for

    9. [A]wider[B]broader[C]rarer[D]scarcer

    10. [A]used[B]apt[C]possible[D]probable

    11. [A]perfect[B]notorious[C]superior[D]thorough

    12. [A]swiftly[B]promptly[C]immediately[D]quickly

    13. [A]appetites[B]tastes[C]interests[D]senses

    14. [A]helpings[B]offerings[C]fillings[D]findings

    15. [A]designate[B]demonstrate[C]represent[D]reckon

    16. [A]delivered[B]denoted[C]depicted[D]defined

    17. [A]quiet[B]obscure[C]faint[D]silent

    18. [A]rather[B]still[C]somehow[D]even

    19. [A]rendered[B]thought[C]impressed[D]described

    20. [A]with[B]of[C]among[D]against

    Section ⅡReading Comprehension

    Part A

    Directions：

    Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）

    Text1

    We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them. But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down， and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us， that is， scientific discoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as immutable， either socially or biologically. As we approach the beginning of the 21st century， the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles， responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex， and yet， scarcely twenty years ago， these were thought to be “beyond dispute”。

    We can safely say， with a few minor exceptions， that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the 19th century to the 1960s. The role distinction， raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model， lasted throughout this period， appealing for its justification to nature， religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman bore children and took care of the home. The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family， by satisfying their needs in peacetime and going to war when necessary.

    The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the time-honored order of things. It was felt to be against nature， a deviation from the norm.

    Sex roles were determined according to the “place”appropriate to each. Women's place was， first and foremost， in the home. The outside world， i.e. workshops， factories and business firms， belonged to men. This sex-based division of the world （private and public） gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the attitudes， which conferred on each its special identity. The woman， sequestered at home， “cared， nurtured and conserved”。 To do this， she had no need to be daring， ambitious， tough or competitive. The man， on the other hand， competing with his fellow men， was caught up every day in the struggle for survival， and hence developed those characteristics which were thought natural in a man.

    Today， many women go out to work， and their reasons for doing so have changed considerably. Besides the traditional financial incentives， we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circumstances， and the wish to have a social life and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all， for all women， work is invariably connected with the desire for independence. （454 words）

    Notes： pin down 把…講明確；確定。immutable不可改變的。dualism雙重論。divergence分歧，偏離。overlapping部分巧合、一致。time-honored 由來已久的。dichotomy 一分為二，對立。sequester使隔離。be caught up in 被纏住于，如：He is caught up in the trivia （瑣事） of everyday things. unduly過度地，不恰當(dāng)?shù)亍?/p>

    21. It is only in recent years that we have recognized that

    [A]there is almost no clue to the identity of both sexes.

    [B]the role distinction between different sexes is conspicuous.

    [C]the different definitions of sexes bears on the development of culture.

    [D]the progress of civilization greatly influences the role definitions of sexes.

    22. From paragraph 1 we can infer that it is now possible for women to embark on a career because

    [A]the change in sex roles is out of the question.

    [B]women's lib has been going on for many years.

    [C]ideas about the roles of women have been changing.

    [D]the expansion of sciences scarcely remolds the women's roles.

    23. The author believes that sex discrimination in the West before the 1960s was

    [A]preferable.

    [B]prevalent.

    [C]presumable.

    [D]precedent.

    24. According to the fourth paragraph， the author seems to think that

    [A]female passivity is natural.

    [B]men and women are physically identical.

    [C]men are born competitive and aggressive.

    [D]some different sex identity is acquired.

    25. According to the author， which of the following is the most important reason for women to go to work？

    [A]Wish to claim their rights and freedom.

    [B]Ambition and self-fulfillment.

    [C]Financial incentives.

    [D]Desire for a social life.

    Text2

    The domestic economy in the United States expanded in a remarkably vigorous and steady fashion. The revival in consumer confidence was reflected in the higher proportion of incomes spent for goods and services and the marked increase in consumer willingness to take on installment debt. A parallel strengthening in business psychology was manifested in a stepped-up rate of plant and equipment spending and a gradual pickup in expenses for inventory. Confidence in the economy was also reflected in the strength of the stock market and in the stability of the bond market. For the year as a whole， consumer and business sentiment benefited from the ease in East-West tensions.

    The bases of the business expansion were to be found mainly in the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies that had been pursued. Moreover， the restoration of sounder liquidity positions and tighter management control of production efficiency had also helped lay the groundwork for a strong expansion. In addition， the economic policy moves made by the President had served to renew optimism on the business outlook while boosting hopes that inflation would be brought under more effective control. Finally， of course， the economy was able to grow as vigorously as it did because sufficient leeway existed in terms of idle men and machines.

    The United States balance of payments deficit declined sharply. Nevertheless， by any other test， the deficit remained very large， and there was actually a substantial deterioration in our trade account to a sizable deficit， almost two-thirds of which was with Japan. While the overall trade performance proved disappointing， there are still good reasons for expecting the delayed impact of devaluation to produce in time a significant strengthening in our trade picture. Given the size of the Japanese component of our trade deficit， however， the outcome will depend importantly on the extent of the corrective measures undertaken by Japan. Also important will be our own efforts in the United States to fashion internal policies consistent with an improvement in our external balance.

    The underlying task of public policy for the year ahead—and indeed for the longer run—remained a familiar one： to strike the right balance between encouraging healthy economic growth and avoiding inflationary pressures. With the economy showing sustained and vigorous growth， and with the currency crisis highlighting the need to improve our competitive posture internationally， the emphasis seemed to be shifting to the problem of inflation. The Phase Three program of wage and price restraint can contribute to reducing inflation. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large， however， the expansion of real output must eventually begin to slow down to the economy's larger run growth potential if generalized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided. （449 words）

    Notes： inventory 存貨。East-West tensions 東西方緊張局勢。fiscal （與國庫的錢有關(guān)的）財(cái)務(wù)的（常指稅收）。liquidity 周轉(zhuǎn)率，清償力。leeway 余地。given 鑒于，由于。the Phase Three program 第三階段計(jì)劃。

    26. The author mentions increased installment debt in the first paragraph in order to show

    [A]the continuing expansion of the economy.

    [B]the growth of consumer purchasing power.

    [C]the consumers'confidence in the economy.

    [D]the soaring consumer incomes for spending.

    27. Paragraph 2 mainly deals with

    [A]the revival of stronger liquidity positions.

    [B]the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies.

    [C]the causes of business development for the period.

    [D]economic policy measures suggested by the President.

    28. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that the author's attitude toward the reduction of the international payments deficit seems

    [A]bitter-sweet.

    [B]optimistic.

    [C]sympathetic

    [D]depressing.

    29. Part of the public policy task， as outlined in the text， is to

    [A]prevent payments deficit.

    [B]avoid inflationary pressures.

    [C]devalue the dollar.

    [D]increase the balance of trade.

    30. It can be learned from the last paragraph that the Phase Three program contained

    [A]reduced government spending.

    [B]devaluation of the dollar.

    [C]productivity measures.

    [D]wage and price controls.

    Text3

    Shopping has always been something of an impulse activity， in which objects that catch our fancy while strolling are immediately bought on a whim. Advertisers and sellers have taken advantage of this fact， carefully positioning inexpensive but attractive items on paths that we are most likely to cross， hoping that our human nature will lead to a greater profit for them. With the dawn of the Internet and its exploding use across the world， the same tactics apply.

    Advertisers now place “banners”， links to commercial web sites decorated with attractive pictures designed to catch our eyes while browsing the webs， on key web sites with heavy traffic. They pay top dollar for the right， thus creating profits for the hosting web site as well. These actions are performed in the hopes that during the course of our casual and leisurely web surfing， we'll click on that banner that sparks our interest and thus， in theory， buy the products advertised.

    Initial results have been positive. Web sites report a huge inflow of cash， both from the advertisers who tempt customers in with the banners and the hosting web sites， which are paid for allowing the banners to be put in place. As trust and confidence in Internet buying increases and information security is heightened with new technology， the volume of buying is increasing， leading to even greater profits.

    The current situation， however， is not quite as optimistic. Just as magazine readers tend to unconsciously ignore advertisements in their favorite periodicals， web browsers are beginning to allow banners to slip their notice as well. Internet users respond to the flood of banners by viewing them as annoyances， a negative image that is hurting sales， since users are now less reluctant to click on those banners， preferring not to support the system that puts them in place. If Internet advertising is to continue to be a viable and profitable business practice， new methods will need to be considered to reinvigorate the industry.

    With the recent depression in the technology sector and slowing economy， even new practices may not do the trick. As consumers are saving more and frequenting traditional real estate businesses over their Internet counterparts， the fate of Internet business is called into question. The coming years will be the only reliable indication of whether shopping on the world wide web is the wave of the future or simply an impulse activity whose whim has passed. （404 words）

    Notes： on a whim 心血潮。surf v. 沖浪。in theory在理論上，順理成章。hosting訪問率高的。call……into question質(zhì)疑，對…提出疑問。

    31. It can be learned from the first paragraph that Internet advertising

    [A] has taken the place of more traditional methods of advertising.

    [B] is one of the most effective ways to make profits on the web.

    [C] is paralleling advertising methods in traditional business settings.

    [D] seeks to tempt customers through impulse shopping methods.

    32. The second and third paragraphs are written in order to illustrate

    [A] the policy Internet advertisers design to lure clientele and its outcome.

    [B] the process and mixed consequences of Internet advertising and shopping.

    [C] the biggest splash Internet advertisers have recently made in sales promotions.

    [D] the banners Internet advertisers take advantage of to arouse customers'interest.

    33. Analyzing the current state of the online advertising in paragraph 4， the author implies that

    [A] it has to be modified over time to remain effective.

    [B] for all its current profits， it will fade in the long run.

    [C] banners are beginning to lose their advertising efficiency.

    [D] Internet advertising methods will continue to decrease sales.

    34.The expression “do the trick” in the last paragraph most probably means

    [A] come to the point.

    [B] fulfill their purpose.

    [C] fail of their success.

    [D] live up to their promise.

    35. The author's attitude toward online advertising can be summarized as

    [A] reserved consent but discontent.

    [B] objective analysis void of opinions.

    [C] enthusiastic support but slight contempt.

    [D] approval so far but uncertainty in the future.

    Text4

    Picture-taking is a technique both for reflecting the objective world and for expressing the singular self. Photographs depict objective realities that already exist， though only the camera can disclose them. And they depict an individual photographer's temperament， discovering itself through the camera's cropping of reality. That is， photography has two directly opposite ideals： in the first， photography is about the world and the photographer is a mere observer who counts for little； but in the second， photography is the instrument of fearlessness， questing subjectivity and the photographer is all.

    These conflicting ideals arise from uneasiness on the part of both photographers and viewers of photographs toward the aggressive component in “taking” a picture. Accordingly， the ideal of a photographer as observer is attracting because it implicitly denies that picture-taking is an aggressive act. The issue， of course， is not so clear-cut. What photographers do cannot be characterized as simply predatory or as simply， and essentially， benevolent. As a consequence， one ideal of picture-taking or the other is always being rediscovered and championed.

    An important result of the coexistence of these two ideals is a recurrent ambivalence toward photography's means. Whatever are the claims that photography might make to be a form of personal expression just like painting， its originality is closely linked to the power of a machine. The steady growth of these powers has made possible the extraordinary informativeness and imaginative formal beauty of many photographs， like Harold Edgerton's high-speed photographs of a bullet hitting its target or of the swirls and eddies of a tennis stroke. But as cameras become more sophisticated， more automated， some photographers are tempted to disarm themselves or to suggest that they are not really armed， preferring to submit themselves to the limit imposed by pre-modern camera technology because a cruder， less high-powered machine is thought to give more interesting or emotive results， to leave more room for creative accident. For example， it has been virtually a point of honor for many photographers， including Walker Evans and Cartier Bresson， to refuse to use modern equipment. These photographers have come to doubt the value of the camera as an instrument of “fast seeing”。 Cartier Bresson， in fact， claims that the modern camera may see too fast.

    This ambivalence toward photographic means determines trends in taste. The cult of the future （of faster and faster seeing） alternates over time with the wish to return to a purer past when images had a handmade quality. This longing for some primitive state of the photographic enterprise is currently widespread and underlies the present-day enthusiasm for daguerreotypes and the work of forgotten nineteenth-century provincial photographers. Photographers and viewers of photographs， it seems， need periodically to resist their own knowingness. （451 words）

    Notes： crop vt. 播種，修剪（樹木），收割。count for little 無關(guān)緊要。predatory 掠奪成性的。champion n. 冠軍；vt. 支持。benevolent好心腸的，行善的。ambivalence 矛盾心理。make （+不定式）似乎要： He makes to begin. （他似乎要開始了。）swirls and eddies 漩渦。cult狂熱崇拜。daguerreotypes （初期的）銀板照相法。

    36. The two directly opposite ideals of photography differ primarily in the

    [A]emphasis that each places on the emotional impact of the finished product.

    [B]degree of technical knowledge that each requires of the photographer.

    [C]way in which each defines the role of the photographer.

    [D]extent of the power that each requires of the photographer's equipment.

    37. According to paragraph 2， the interest among photographers in each of the photography's two ideals can be described as

    [A]steadily growing.

    [B]cyclically recurring.

    [C]continuously altering.

    [D]spontaneously occurring.

    38. The text states all of the following about photographs EXCEPT：

    [A]They can display a cropped reality.

    [B]They can convey information.

    [C]They can depict the photographer's temperament.

    [D]They can change the viewer's sensibilities.

    39. The author mentions the work of Harold Edgerton in order to provide an example of

    [A]the relationship between photographic originality and technology.

    [B]how the content of photographs has changed from the nineteenth century to the twentieth.

    [C]the popularity of high-speed photography in the twentieth century.

    [D]how a controlled ambivalence toward photography's means can produce outstanding pictures.

    40. The author is primarily concerned with

    [A]describing how photographers'individual temperaments are reflected in their work.

    [B]establishing new technical standards for contemporary photography.

    [C]analyzing the influence of photographic ideals on picture-taking.

    [D]explaining how the technical limitations affect photographers'work.

    Part B

    Directions：

    In the following article， some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45， choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices， which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）

    The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of primitive weapons and the discovery of fire， although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of the latter.

    41）______________________ Animals have a few cries that serve as signals， but even the highest apes have not been found able to pronounce words， even with the most intensive professional instruction. The superior brain of man is apparently a necessity for the mastering of speech. When man became sufficiently intelligent， we must suppose that he gradually increased the number of cries for different purposes. It was a great day when he discovered that speech could be used for narrative. There are those who think that in this respect picture language preceded oral language. A man could draw a picture on the wall of his cave to show in which direction he had gone， or what prey he hoped to catch. 42）_________________________

    Two important stages came not so long before the dawn of written history. The first was the domestication of animals； the second was agriculture. Agriculture made possible an immense increase in the number of the human species in the regions where it could be successfully practiced. 43）___________________________

    44）______________________________

    These inventions and discoveries—fire， speech， weapons domestic animals， agriculture， and writing—made the existence of civilized communities possible. From about 3000 B.C. until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution less than two hundred years ago there was no technical advance comparable to these. During this long period man had time to become accustomed to his technique， and to develop the beliefs and political organizations appropriate to it. There was， of course， an immense extension in the area of civilized life. At first it had been confined to the Nile， the Euphrates， the Tigris， and the Indus， but at the end of the period in question it covered much the greatest part of the inhabitable globe. I do not mean to suggest that there was no technical progress during the time. 45）______________________ （512 words）

    Notes： ape 猿。pastoral nomad 田園式的游牧部落的人。the Euphrates 幼發(fā)拉底河。the Tigris 底格里斯河。the Indus 印度河。in question所談的（在名詞后作后置定語）。

    [A] Probably picture language and oral language developed side by side. I am inclined to think that language has been the most important single factor in the development of man.

    [B] Another fundamental technical advance was writing， which， like spoken language， developed out of pictures， but as soon as it had reached a certain stage， it was possible to keep records and transmit information to people who were not present when the information was given.

    [C] With the development of civilization， primitive people who lived in caves at that time badly needed a language， which would help them to communicate with one another.

    [D] The origin of language is also obscure. No doubt it began very gradually.

    [E] In fact， there was progress—there were even two inventions of very great importance， namely， gunpowder and the mariner's compass—but neither of these can be compared in their revolutionary power to such things as speech and writing and agriculture.

    [F] These were， at first， only those in which nature fertilized the soil after each harvest. Agriculture met with violent resistance from the pastoral nomads， but the agricultural way of life prevailed in the end because of the physical comforts it provided.

    [G] But industry was a step in human progress to which subsequently there was nothing comparable until our own machine age.

    Part C

    Directions：

    Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （10 points）

    Our daily existence is divided into two phases， as distinct as day and night. We call them work and play. We work many hours a day and we allow the necessary minimum for such activities as eating and shopping. 46） The rest we spend in various activities which are known as recreations， an elegant word which disguises the fact that we usually do not even play in our hours of leisure， but spend them in various forms of passive enjoyment or entertainment.

    We need to make， therefore， a hard-and-fast distinction not only between work and play but， equally， between active play and passive entertainment. 47） It is， I suppose， the decline of active play — of amateur sport — and the enormous growth of purely receptive entertainment which have given rise to a sociological interest in the problem. If the greater part of the population， instead of indulging in sport， spend their hours of leisure “viewing” television programs， there will inevitably be a decline in health and physique. In addition， we have yet to trace the mental and moral consequences of prolonged diet of sentimental or sensational spectacles on the screen. 48） There is， if we are optimistic， the possibility that the diet is too thin and unnourishing to have much permanent effect on anybody. Nine films out of ten seem to leave absolutely no impression on the mind or imagination of those who have seen them.

    49） It is only when entertainment is active， participated in， practiced， that it can properly be called play， and as such it is a natural use of leisure. In that sense play stands in contrast to work， and is usually regarded as an activity that alternates with work.

    Work itself is not a single concept. We say quite generally that we work in order to make a living. Some of us work physically， tilling the land， minding the machines， digging the coal； others work mentally， keeping accounts， inventing machines， teaching and preaching， managing and governing. 50） There does not seem to be any factor common to all these diverse occupations， except that they consume our time， and leave us little leisure.（356 words）

    Section ⅢWriting

    Part A

    51. Directions：

    Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80—100 English words on ANSWER SHEET 2. （10 points）

    幫助孩子重新振作

    孩子得不到幫助，后果可能很嚴(yán)重。根據(jù)一次全國性調(diào)查，父母離婚或分居的小孩在接下來的3年內(nèi)比別的小孩更有可能出現(xiàn)健康問題。父母離婚的小孩留級率或停學(xué)率可能是別的小孩的兩倍， 需要咨詢的概率很可能比別的小孩多3倍。

    僅僅靠時(shí)間無法愈合這類精神創(chuàng)傷，這些孩子需要成年人的幫助。下面提供3項(xiàng)策略，是我在為這類有問題的家庭提供咨詢時(shí)總結(jié)出來的：

    一、 盡早將真相告訴小孩。我們提出了以下幾個(gè)辦法：

    親自向孩子透露令人沮喪的消息。當(dāng)孩子意識到自己和他所熟悉并信任的某個(gè)人共同分享真相時(shí)，他能正確面對幾乎任何事。如果有可能，離婚的父母雙方在孩子聽到他們離婚的消息時(shí)都應(yīng)在場。

    如果家庭壓力與一個(gè)意外事故有關(guān)，要說清楚事故的原委。否則，有些孩子會產(chǎn)生無端的負(fù)罪感。

    如果有較大的突發(fā)事件，要小心地解釋家庭生活可能會發(fā)生的變化。對孩子來說，了解任何事實(shí)比不明就里強(qiáng)。

    二、 鼓勵孩子將自己的情緒講出來，但如果孩子還沒準(zhǔn)備好，也別強(qiáng)迫他們。小孩子和成年人一樣，也需要談?wù)勛约旱娜焙丁Ｄ憧梢杂孟旅鎺讉�(gè)方法幫他們敞開心扉：

    發(fā)生悲劇時(shí)，首先跟孩子聊聊你自己的感受和煩惱，以便使孩子更容易表達(dá)出他們的感受。然后問些能引導(dǎo)進(jìn)一步討論的問題。

    跟孩子談話要挑選適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)機(jī)和場合。

    如果你無法用言語表達(dá)痛苦或擔(dān)憂，可以考慮給你的孩子寫一封信。讓孩子理解你的內(nèi)心感受很重要，這樣他們才能更好地理解他們自己的感受。

    三、 著眼于未來。我在伊利諾伊州的幾個(gè)朋友改建了住房。改建工程完成一個(gè)星期后，一場大火毀滅了房子，全家人差點(diǎn)兒葬身火海。

    過后，父母和孩子們坐下來談話。“一切都過去了，”母親說，“以后的生活絕不會跟以前一樣，一定會再好起來的。”經(jīng)過一年的努力，全家人搬進(jìn)了新居，新房子就建在原先房子的所在地。他們的財(cái)產(chǎn)比以前少多了，但是他們感情上變堅(jiān)強(qiáng)了，決心在生活上翻開新的一頁。

    當(dāng)危機(jī)襲來時(shí)，不健康的家庭會分崩離析，健康的家庭會向前看，重新構(gòu)建，他們通常會遵照下面的3條基本原則：

    做父母的得先治愈自己的創(chuàng)傷。如果父母中的一方或父母雙方帶頭的話，孩子就比較容易從一次較大的家庭挫折中重新振作起來。衣阿華州立大學(xué)的一些研究人員在研究中西部450個(gè)家庭的青少年受家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的影響時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)，家庭經(jīng)

    濟(jì)問題對十幾歲少年的影響比其父母對家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的反應(yīng)要小。

    把注意力重新放到家庭的價(jià)值上。不要哀嘆因?yàn)槟愕呐渑紒G掉了他或她的工作你就再也不能享受某些活動了，不要喋喋不休地談?wù)摎в谝粓龊樗�或火�?zāi)的家庭錄影集。

    讓小孩子參與對某些事情的決策，讓他們感到自己在做貢獻(xiàn)。一年春天，一個(gè)有幾個(gè)小孩的朋友意識到，她那有病的、上了年紀(jì)的祖母再也無法自理，將不得不搬到他們那棟3個(gè)臥室的簡陋房子里。父母立即和7歲的兒子、兩歲的女兒討論這個(gè)問題。“我們都必須盡力幫助她。” 母親說，“曾祖母需要一個(gè)自己的房間。”她對7歲的兒子說：“你妹妹還在睡嬰兒床，所以曾祖母只有睡你的床了。”

    這男孩將不得不睡在客廳的沙發(fā)床上。“太好了！”男孩說，他為能參與這一重要的家庭決定而感到高興，“我要讓她住我的房間。”老太太搬進(jìn)來后，孩子們似乎能感受到她的需求，無論什么時(shí)候，只要她在場，他們甚至?xí)�停止慣常的爭吵。

    2007年，在做了14年的單身母親后，我再婚了。這件事并沒有給我那3個(gè)已成年的兒子帶來很大的壓力，但這畢竟是一個(gè)很大的調(diào)整。我耐心地等待著他們對這一重大變化完全適應(yīng)的跡象。

    一天晚上，兒子們晚飯后要一起出去，他們一一跟我吻別道晚安。當(dāng)他們走近我的丈夫馬蒂時(shí)，我料想他們要和平時(shí)一樣依次跟他握手。然而，先是邁克爾，然后是湯姆和蒂姆，走到馬蒂跟前，第一次和他擁抱。那個(gè)簡單動作表明他們完全接受了這個(gè)繼父和我們新的家庭組合。我自豪地笑了，他們做得很好。他們能處理好他們未來人生道路上的任何問題。為人父母，比較感到知足的莫過于此。（1552字）

    注：重新振作bounce back.

    Part B

    52. Directions：

    Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following picture. In your essay， you should

    1） describe the cartoon briefly，

    2） interpret the social phenomenon reflected by the cartoon， and

    3） give your point of view.

    You should write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （20 points）

    朱泰祺2011年考研英語全真沖刺模擬試題答案

    Section ⅠUse of English

    參考譯文

    許多沒有到過大不列顛的外國人把這里的所有居民都叫做英格蘭人，因?yàn)樗麄兞?xí)慣于把大不列顛群島認(rèn)為是英格蘭。實(shí)際上，大不列顛群島上有許多民族，只有英格蘭的人才把自己稱為英格蘭人。而其他人稱自己為威爾士人、蘇格蘭人和愛爾蘭人，事情可能就是這樣。把他們一概統(tǒng)稱為“英國人”，常會使他們感到有點(diǎn)生氣。

    即使在英格蘭也有許多地區(qū)性特點(diǎn)和言語方面的差別。主要區(qū)別存在于南英格蘭與北英格蘭之間。從布里斯托到倫敦的連線以南，人們說的英語就是外國學(xué)生通常所學(xué)的那種英語，盡管有些地方性差異。

    再往北的方言通常比英國南部方言的差異“更大”。 北部人往往聲稱他們比南部人更勤奮，因而更純正。他們真誠和殷勤。外國人常常發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們很快就與北部人交上朋友。北部人一般心寬體胖胃口好，例如，到蘭開郡或約克郡的參觀者在吃飯時(shí)可以有望得到豐盛的飯菜。

    在口音和特征方面，米德蘭（英格蘭中部地區(qū)）的人代表了從南部型英格蘭人到北部型英格蘭人的逐漸變化。

    在蘇格蘭，字母“r”所表示的音是強(qiáng)音，并且“r”常常在有些詞中讀出聲來，在南部英語中這些詞中的“r”是不發(fā)音的。據(jù)說，蘇格蘭是一個(gè)嚴(yán)肅、謹(jǐn)慎、節(jié)儉的民族，更有創(chuàng)造力并且有點(diǎn)神秘感。英倫三島的所有凱爾特人種（威爾士、愛爾蘭人、蘇格蘭人）常被描述成比英格蘭人更加“脾氣暴躁”。 他們具有與英格蘭人完全不同的血統(tǒng)。

    1. [答案] [D]In fact

    [注釋] 邏輯搭配。in fact 實(shí)際上；常表示語氣的轉(zhuǎn)折。in consequence因此； in brief簡短地；總而言之； in general 一般來說。從上下文的邏輯意思看，in fact比較為貼切。

    2. [答案] [C]refer

    [注釋] 詞義型結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。refer to……as 把…稱做…； confine……to 把…局限于；管制；attach……to 縛上，系上，貼上，使…依附于，使…依戀； add to （= increase） 增加。

    注意：1） attach importance/significance to重視，例如：They attached great importance to his speech.

    2） 信件用語，例如：Attached to this letter， you will find…… 隨信附上…。

    3. [答案] [A]as

    [注釋] 邏輯搭配。as 作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作表語，代表整個(gè)主句的意思。as the case may be 可譯為“事情可能就是這樣”。which 雖然也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，但在此類帶有插入句性質(zhì)的定語從句中均用as，例如：As is known to all， water consists of oxygen and hydrogen.

    4. [答案] [C]at

    [注釋] 結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。be annoyed at對…感到煩惱、不痛快。

    5. [答案] [B]differences

    [注釋] 邏輯型詞義搭配。解這類題的技巧是瞻前顧后，注意上下文的邏輯聯(lián)系，然后區(qū)別詞義，選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~填入短文中，使句子前后貫通，與全文融為一體。

    6. [答案] [D]division

    [注釋] 邏輯型詞義搭配。前一句中的differences暗示此處應(yīng)選division.

    7. [答案] [A]line

    [注釋] 詞義搭配。row （橫）排； border 邊界； scale 尺度，規(guī)模。

    8. [答案] [C]though

    [注釋] 邏輯搭配。此處表示讓步關(guān)系，故應(yīng)選[C].

    9. [答案] [B]broader

    [注釋] 詞義搭配。wide廣大的，廣泛的。它側(cè)重指兩邊的距離（distance）。broad廣闊的。它側(cè)重指本身的廣度（amplitude）。如：a wide use of a word.This is a broad question.此外，形容眼、口的大，應(yīng)當(dāng)用wide；形容肩、胸的大，應(yīng)當(dāng)用broad.本句中指方言本身的范圍，故用broader更妥。

    10. [答案] [B]apt

    [注釋] 結(jié)構(gòu)型詞義搭配。be apt to do sth. 傾向于，習(xí)慣于：A careless person is apt to make mistakes. be used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣于（后接名詞或動名詞）。sb. is possible to do sth. 是錯(cuò)誤的，應(yīng)改為It is possible for sb. to do sth.。probable （很可能成為現(xiàn)實(shí)的）經(jīng)常用于“It is probable that……”句型中或sth. is probable句型中，例如：1）It is probable that it will rain today. 2）Colder weather is probable. 此外， probable 也可以作定語形容詞，修飾名詞，如：He is a probable candidate.

    11. [答案] [D]thorough

    [注釋] 結(jié)構(gòu)型詞義搭配。thorough 純正，完美。perfect沒有比較級和比較高級形式，因而句中既然有more，就不能再接perfect了。superior是從拉丁語接納到英語中來的形容詞比較級，故不能與more 連用。notorious （臭名昭著的）與上下文內(nèi)容相悖，故不能入選。

    12. [答案] [D]quickly

    [注釋] 本題測試詞義搭配。swiftly 快速地，敏捷地； promptly 敏捷地，迅速地，即刻地；以上兩詞均強(qiáng)調(diào)行為發(fā)生的敏捷性，而本句中只強(qiáng)調(diào)交朋友的“快”，故應(yīng)選quickly.immediately 意為“立刻，馬上”，也不合題意，故不能入選。

    13. [答案] [A]appetites

    [注釋] 詞義搭配。hearty appetites心寬體胖胃口好。taste滋味；趣味，鑒賞力； interest興趣； sense感覺；見識；意思；以上三詞均不符合句意，故不能入選。

    14. [答案] [A]helpings

    [注釋] 詞義搭配。helping （飯菜的）分量，正合句意。offering 提供，奉獻(xiàn)，獻(xiàn)禮；filling 填料，填充物； finding發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)物，發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)果；均不符合句意。

    15. [答案] [C]represent

    [注釋] 詞義搭配。represent vt. 描述，表示； designate vt. 標(biāo)明，指明： designate the city on the map （在地圖上標(biāo)明這個(gè)城市）；demonstrate vt. 論證，演示； reckon vt.認(rèn)為；指望；處理；測算。根據(jù)詞義和句意，只有represent合適。

    16. [答案] [B]denoted

    [注釋] 詞義辨析。denote vt. 表示； deliver vt. 交付，投遞，發(fā)表；depict vt. 描繪； define vt. 給…下定義。

    17. [答案] [D]silent

    [注釋] 詞義慣用搭配。silent在此處指語音學(xué)中“默音的”，例如：doubt 中b不發(fā)音，被稱為“默音字母”。

    18. [答案] [A]rather

    [注釋] 詞義搭配。rather （= to a moderate extent， quite） 有點(diǎn)，相當(dāng)。

    19. [答案] [D]described

    [注釋] 慣用結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。be described as被描述為。“render+名詞+形容詞”意為“致使…”； be thought of as 被認(rèn)為；impress vt. 使…留下印象。

    20. [答案] [B]of

    [注釋] 結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。“be of + 名詞”意為“是具有…的”。例如：1） His speech is of great importance to us.2） The computer is of high quality.

    小結(jié)

    按大綱規(guī)定“英語知識應(yīng)用”，即完形填空，題材應(yīng)為一篇240～280字的短文。本文是289字，符合大綱要求。試題類型有邏輯搭配、詞義搭配、結(jié)構(gòu)搭配和慣用搭配，與2010年試題相一致。完形填空解題技巧是：把握主題、抓住上下文的邏輯主線、瞻前顧后、各個(gè)擊破，比較后統(tǒng)觀全文、查錯(cuò)補(bǔ)漏。完形填空解題時(shí)間通常為15分鐘左右。千萬不要超時(shí)，以免擠占后面各項(xiàng)的解題時(shí)間。

    Section ⅡReading Comprehension

    Part A

    21. [答案] [D]the progress of civilization greatly influences the role definitions of sexes.

    [注釋] 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題問：直到比較近我們才意識到什么？第1段第2句寫道：“但是直到比較近我們才意識到，每一種性別的本性是很難說清楚的，并且定義是按照我們所知道的不同文化，即科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)和思想革命，在發(fā)展的。”由此可見，[D]“文明的進(jìn)步對男女性別作用的定義有很大影響”符合上述句意。[A]there is almost no clue to the identity of both sexes（幾乎沒有線索來確定兩種性別的本性）屬概念偷換，故應(yīng)排除。[B]the role distinction between different sexes is conspicuous（不同性別所承擔(dān)的工作差別是顯而易見的）屬正反顛倒，故不能入選。[C]the different definitions of sexes bears on the development of culture（性別的不同定義對文化的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生影響）屬前后顛倒，故不能入選。

    注意：pin down確定；清楚說明。

    22. [答案] [C]ideas about the roles of women have been changing.

    [注釋] 推理判斷題。本題問：從第一段可以推理，為什么現(xiàn)在婦女可以從事一種職業(yè)？第1段比較后兩句寫道：“不能認(rèn)為我們的本性在社會的或生理的方面來看是不可改變的。隨著我們接近21世紀(jì)初，生物學(xué)和遺傳學(xué)方面所取得的巨大進(jìn)步正在從根本上對屬于每一種性別的角色、職責(zé)和特征提出挑戰(zhàn)，可是在不到20年以前，上述觀點(diǎn)還被認(rèn)為是‘無可爭辯的。”由此推理，現(xiàn)在婦女可以從事一種職業(yè)，因?yàn)橛嘘P(guān)婦女角色的觀念一直在改變。故應(yīng)選[C]. [A]the change in sex roles is out of the question（性別角色的改變是不可能的）具有較強(qiáng)的干擾性。out of the question意為“不可能的”。有的考生之所以選[A]是因?yàn)榘裲ut of the question錯(cuò)誤地理解為“毫無疑問的”。 [D]the expansion of sciences scarcely remolds the women’s roles（科學(xué)的發(fā)展幾乎沒有改變婦女的角色）屬正反顛倒，故不能入選。

    注意：通過詞匯手段增強(qiáng)干擾是當(dāng)前命題的一種趨勢。

    23. [答案] [B]prevalent.

    [注釋] 細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。本題問：作者認(rèn)為，20世紀(jì)60年代以前西方的性別歧視狀況如何？第2段一開頭作者寫道：“我們可以有把握地說，除了個(gè)別例外，從19世紀(jì)初到20世紀(jì)60年代，對男女性別的定義和他們各自的作用一直沒有變化。”接著，作者對此進(jìn)行了闡述，比較后說，“婦女在家生兒育女。男子外出謀生養(yǎng)家，恪守職責(zé)，和平時(shí)期，以付家需，戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期，奔赴疆場。”綜上所述，男女并不平等�？梢�，20世紀(jì)60年代以前西方的性別歧視普遍存在。故應(yīng)選[B]prevalent（普遍存在的；盛行的；流行的）。preferable更可取的；presumable可假設(shè)的；precedent先前的；均不合題意。

    24. [答案] [D]some different sex identity is acquired.

    [注釋] 推理判斷題。本題問：根據(jù)第4段，作者似乎還想說明什么？第4段第1句寫道：“不同性別所承擔(dān)的角色是根據(jù)適合于每種性別的‘地方�鹚鶝Q定的。”作者談到了男女的不同“place”。接著作者說：“This sex-based division of the world （private and public） gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the attitudes， which conferred on each its special identity.”（這種根據(jù)性別對世界[個(gè)人的和公共的]的劃分產(chǎn)生了兩種嚴(yán)格不同的態(tài)度，因而賦予每一種性別所特有的特性。）可見，在作者看來，某種不同的性別特性不是天生的，而是后天因劃分了“地方”而逐漸形成的。緊接著，作者對其觀點(diǎn)做了闡述。因此，[D]“某種不同的性別特性是后天獲得的”是作者似乎要說明的。

    注意：文中所說的“地方”實(shí)際上是指“工作崗位”。

    25. [答案] [A]Wish to claim their rights and freedom.

    [注釋] 細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。本題問：按照作者的看法，下面哪一項(xiàng)是婦女參加工作的比較重要的原因？比較后一段比較后一句寫道：“比較重要的，對于所有婦女來說，工作總是和渴望獨(dú)立有關(guān)的。”可見，[A]“希望得到她們的權(quán)利和自由”符合上述句意，因?yàn)榇颂帣?quán)利與自由即為獨(dú)立之意。

    26. [答案] [C]the consumers‘confidence in the economy.

    [注釋] 邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)題。本題問：作者為什么在第一段中提到“消費(fèi)者分期付款債務(wù)的增加”？作者在第1段第2句中提到：The revival in consumer confidence was reflected in the higher proportion of incomes spent for goods and services and the marked increase in consumer willingness to take on installment debt.從句子前后的邏輯關(guān)系可以看出，“消費(fèi)者分期付款債務(wù)的增加”反映了他們對經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的信心。故應(yīng)選[C].[A]、[B]、[D]孤立起來看似乎都有道理，但從段落內(nèi)部的直接邏輯關(guān)系來看似乎是答非所問，故應(yīng)排除。這種邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)題�？迹�是近年考研命題的一大特點(diǎn)，考生務(wù)必注意：解這類題時(shí)切忌憑常識答題，而應(yīng)密切注意細(xì)節(jié)之間或論點(diǎn)與論據(jù)之間具體的邏輯關(guān)系。

    27. [答案] [C]the causes of business development for the period.

    [注釋] 段落主旨題。本題問：第2段主要討論什么？第2段第1句寫道：The bases of the business expansion were to be found mainly in the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies that had been pursued. （商業(yè)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)主要可以從刺激性的貨幣政策和財(cái)務(wù)政策中看到。） 可見第2段主要討論the bases of the business expansion，選項(xiàng)[C]符合此意。[A]、[B]、[D]均有片面性，沒有概括性。

    28. [答案][A] bitter-sweet.

    [注釋] 推理判斷題。從第3段可以推理，作者對降低國際收支逆差的態(tài)度是什么？ 從整個(gè)段落來看，作者對此問題一方面表示喜，而另一方面又表示憂�？梢�，作者的態(tài)度是甜中有苦、憂喜參半。其他選項(xiàng)均與段落內(nèi)容不符，故不能入選。

    29. [答案] [B]avoid inflationary pressures.

    [注釋] 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題問：按照本文所概述的，國家政策的部分任務(wù)是什么？第4段第1句寫道：“The underlying task of public policy for the year ahead—and indeed for the longer run—remained a familiar one： to strike the right balance between encouraging healthy economic growth and avoiding inflationary pressures.”（未來一年和更長時(shí)期內(nèi)國家政策的基本任務(wù)是在鼓勵經(jīng)濟(jì)健康發(fā)展和避免通貨膨脹壓力之間取得恰當(dāng)?shù)钠胶�。）可見�?ldquo;避免通貨膨脹壓力”是國家政策的部分任務(wù)。故應(yīng)選[B].

    30. [答案] [D]wage and price controls.

    [注釋] 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題問：從本文比較后一段中可以了解，“第3階段”計(jì)劃包括哪些內(nèi)容？本文比較后一段倒數(shù)第2句寫道： “The Phase Three program of wage and price restraint can contribute to reducing inflation.”（限制工資和價(jià)格的第3階段計(jì)劃有助于降低通貨膨脹。）可見，[D] “工資和價(jià)格控制”與上面的句意相符。

    注意：有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的文章幾乎每年閱讀理解中都有一篇，考生應(yīng)積極掌握這類文章中常用的詞匯和短語。

    31. [答案][C] is paralleling advertising methods in traditional business settings.

    [注釋] 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題問：從第1段中可以了解到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的促銷廣告有什么特點(diǎn)？第1段的主題核心句是該段的比較后一句，它寫道：“With the dawn of the Internet and its exploding use across the world， the same tactics apply.”（隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的到來以及它在全世界的大量使用，所采用的促銷策略依然與以前相同。）可見，選項(xiàng)[C]“與傳統(tǒng)環(huán)境中的做廣告方法相類似。”與上句句意基本相同。故應(yīng)選[C].[A]的表述不能入選，因?yàn)榛ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)做廣告并未替代傳統(tǒng)廣告方式。[B]太絕對化，不能入選。[D]干擾性強(qiáng)，它不能入選是因?yàn)槠洳皇堑?段的中心思想。由此可見，段落核心句常常是考研命題組命題的考點(diǎn)，考生務(wù)必注意。

    注意：catch one‘s fancy 吸引某人，合某人心意。

    32. [答案][A] the policy Internet advertisers design to lure clientele and its outcome.

    [注釋] 細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。本題問：第2、3段寫來是為了說明什么？選項(xiàng)[A]“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)廣告商設(shè)計(jì)來引誘顧客的做法及其結(jié)果”概括了2、3兩段的中心思想：第2段談具體方法；第3段則談取得的成果。故答案非[A]莫屬。[B] the process and mixed consequences of Internet advertising and shopping.（網(wǎng)上做廣告與購物的過程及憂喜參半的后果）與第2、3段段落內(nèi)容不符。[C]與[D]的表述均存在片面性，不能入選。

    注意：pay top dollar for 為…付高價(jià)。

    33. [答案][A] it has to be modified over time to remain effective.

    [注釋] 推理判斷題。本題問：在分析網(wǎng)上做廣告的目前狀況時(shí)，作者暗示了什么？第4段第1句指出：“然而，當(dāng)前的形勢并不太樂觀。”接著提出論據(jù)加以闡述。比較后在本段結(jié)論句中寫道：“如果互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上做廣告要繼續(xù)成為一種能自行發(fā)展并有利可圖的商業(yè)活動，那就必須考慮新的方法使這個(gè)行業(yè)更具活力。”可見，作者暗示，網(wǎng)上做廣告必須與時(shí)俱進(jìn)以便保持其有效作用。選項(xiàng)[A]正是這個(gè)意思。[B]“盡管它目前營利，但比較終要蕭條”不能入選。[C]“旗子正失去它們的廣告效用”只談現(xiàn)象，不談本質(zhì)。是強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)，考生務(wù)必在2011年考試時(shí)注意類似干擾。[D]“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上做廣告將繼續(xù)減少銷量”與本段中心思想不符，因?yàn)閱栴}不在于網(wǎng)上做廣告本身，而是應(yīng)該不斷改變做廣告的形式以吸引顧客。

    34. [答案][B] fulfill their purpose.

    [注釋] 詞組釋義題。本題問：比較后一段中“do the trick”意指什么？[A] come to the point（談?wù)�題）與上下文不符；[C] fail of their success（達(dá)不到它們的成功）與原義正反顛倒；[D] live up to their promise（實(shí)踐它們的諾言）是強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)，命題者采用概念偷換的手法來干擾考生的判斷。do the trick意為“奏效”而不是“實(shí)踐諾言”。比較后一段寫道：“由于技術(shù)領(lǐng)域比較近不景氣和經(jīng)濟(jì)減速，即使新的做法可能也不奏效。由于消費(fèi)者要存更多的錢并不斷光顧傳統(tǒng)的房地產(chǎn)公司而不是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上相應(yīng)的公司，所以互聯(lián)網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)的命運(yùn)未卜。”根據(jù)上述語言環(huán)境可以判斷[B]為正確選項(xiàng)。

    35. [答案][D] approval so far but uncertainty in the future.

    [注釋] 作者態(tài)度題。本題問：根據(jù)本文，作者對網(wǎng)上做廣告的態(tài)度可歸納為什么？從整個(gè)文章來看，前半篇講述網(wǎng)上做廣告的策略、具體做法和成果。后半篇指出存在的問題以及很難預(yù)測的未來。[A]“有保留的同意但不滿”；[B]“缺少觀點(diǎn)的客觀分析”；[C]“熱情支持但有點(diǎn)蔑視”；均不合全文所體現(xiàn)的作者態(tài)度。只有[D]“至今贊同但對未來不能肯定”反映了作者對網(wǎng)上廣告的看法。

    注意：考生解閱讀理解選擇題時(shí)要區(qū)分宏觀與微觀、全局與局部、本質(zhì)與現(xiàn)象。

    36. [答案] [C]way in which each defines the role of the photographer.

    [注釋] 細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。本題問：根據(jù)本文，兩個(gè)直接對立的攝影觀念主要區(qū)別何在？第1段比較后一句寫道：“That is， photography has two directly opposite ideals： in the first， photography is about the world and the photographer is a mere observer who counts for little； but in the second， photography is the instrument of fearlessness， questing subjectivity and the photographer is all.”（那就是說，關(guān)于攝影有兩個(gè)直接對立的觀念：第一種觀念認(rèn)為，攝影是反映世界的，而攝影師只是一個(gè)無足輕重的觀察者；但第二種觀念則主張，攝影是一種探究主觀世界的無畏的工具，攝影師決定一切。） 由此可見，兩種觀念的區(qū)別就在于對攝影師所起作用的定義不同。故應(yīng)選[C].

    37. [答案] [B]cyclically recurring.

    [注釋] 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題問：根據(jù)第2段，攝影師對攝影的兩種觀念中每個(gè)觀念的興趣可用下面哪一種表述來描述？第2段比較后一句寫道：“What photographers do cannot be characterized as simply predatory or as simply， and essentially， benevolent. As a consequence， one ideal of picture�瞭aking or the other is always being rediscovered and championed.”（攝影者所做的事不能簡單地定性為掠奪式的，也不能簡單地定性為實(shí)質(zhì)上是友好的行善行為。因此，有關(guān)照相的這一觀念或那一觀念總是被重新發(fā)現(xiàn)并受到支持。） 言外之意，這兩種觀念中，有時(shí)一種觀念被發(fā)現(xiàn)并受到支持，有時(shí)另一種觀念被發(fā)現(xiàn)并受到支持�？梢姡瑪z影師有時(shí)對一種觀念感興趣，有時(shí)又對另一種觀念感興趣，即這種興趣是周期性反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的。故應(yīng)選[B].[D]“自發(fā)地發(fā)生的”不合題意。

    注意：這類細(xì)節(jié)題是難度較大的推斷型理解題，要求考生具有很強(qiáng)的邏輯歸納能力。

    38. [答案] [D]they can change the viewer�餾 sensibilities.

    [注釋] 細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。本題問：本文中有關(guān)照片方面下面哪一點(diǎn)沒有談到？[A]They can display a cropped reality. （它們能展示經(jīng)過剪輯的現(xiàn)實(shí)。）第1段第2句中已經(jīng)談到：Photographs depict objective realities that already exist， …… [B]They can convey information. （它們能傳達(dá)信息。）第3段第3句中也已提及：The steady growth of these powers has made possible the extraordinary informativeness…… [C]They can depict the photographer�餾 temperament. （它們能夠描繪攝影者的性情。）第1段第3句中已寫到：And they depict an individual photographer�餾 temperament，……只有[D]They can change the viewer�餾 sensibilities. （它們能改變觀賞者的易受刺激的情感。）文中沒有提到。故應(yīng)選[D].

    39. [答案] [A]the relationship between photographic originality and technology.

    [注釋] 邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)題。本題問：作者提到Harold Edgerton的作品是為了提供一個(gè)什么例子？第3段第3句寫道：“The steady growth of these powers has made possible the extraordinary informativeness and imaginative formal beauty of many photographs， like Harold Edgerton�餾 high�瞫peed photographs of a bullet hitting its target or of the swirls and eddies of a tennis stroke. ”（隨著照相機(jī)威力的不斷增大已有可能拍出許多信息非凡的、富有想象力的外觀漂亮的照片，如Harold Edgerton所拍攝的關(guān)于子彈擊中目標(biāo)或網(wǎng)球抽打時(shí)產(chǎn)生漩渦的快速照片。） 從上面的表述中我們可以看到，作者提到Harold Edgerton的作品是為了提供一個(gè)攝影藝術(shù)的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性和技術(shù)發(fā)展之間關(guān)系的例子。故應(yīng)選[A].

    40. [答案] [C]analyzing the influence of photographic ideals on picture�瞭aking.

    [注釋] 全文主旨題。本題問：本文作者主要討論什么？本文第1段提出對攝影術(shù)的兩種不同觀念。第2段分別闡述了這兩種觀念的由來及攝影師對這兩種觀念中任何一種的興趣是反復(fù)交替的。第3段指出，這兩種觀念共存的結(jié)果是經(jīng)常發(fā)生對攝影手段的不同看法。比較后一段認(rèn)為，這種對攝影手段的矛盾心理決定審美品位的發(fā)展趨向。綜上所述，本文作者主要分析了兩種攝影觀念對照相術(shù)的影響。故應(yīng)選[C].

    注意：本文語言難度較大，可作為英譯漢練習(xí)之用。故提供參考譯文如下：

    照相是一種既反映客觀世界，又表達(dá)非凡自我的藝術(shù)。照片描繪已經(jīng)存在的許多客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)，盡管只有照相機(jī)才能揭示這些客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。照片描繪一個(gè)攝影者的氣質(zhì)，這種氣質(zhì)是通過照相機(jī)從現(xiàn)實(shí)中取材而表現(xiàn)出來的。那就是說，攝影包含兩個(gè)直接對立的觀念：第一，攝影是反映世界的，攝影者只不過是一個(gè)無足輕重的觀察者；但是，第二，攝影是探索主觀性的無畏工具，攝影者決定一切。

    這兩個(gè)相互沖突的觀念源自攝影者和攝影鑒賞者對“照”相過程中的闖勁所表現(xiàn)出來的不安心情。這樣一來，把攝影者看做是觀察者的觀念是具有吸引力的，因?yàn)檫@種想法間接地否認(rèn)了照相是一種咄咄逼人的行為。當(dāng)然，問題并不如此清晰。攝影者的所作所為不能簡單地定性為掠奪式的行為，也不能簡單地定性為實(shí)質(zhì)上是友好的行善行為。因此，關(guān)于照相的這種觀念或那種觀念總是被重新發(fā)現(xiàn)并受到支持的。

    這兩種觀念共存的一個(gè)重要的結(jié)果是：經(jīng)常發(fā)生對待攝影手段的矛盾心理。不論攝影可能成為一種同繪畫一樣的個(gè)性表現(xiàn)的論斷正確與否，攝影的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性總是同照相機(jī)的機(jī)械能力密切相連的。隨著照相機(jī)能力的持續(xù)發(fā)展，有可能創(chuàng)造出許多具有非凡信息含量并富有想象力的漂亮的照片。例如哈羅德。埃杰頓所拍攝的關(guān)于子彈擊中目標(biāo)或網(wǎng)球抽打時(shí)產(chǎn)生漩渦的快速照片。但是當(dāng)照相機(jī)變得越來越高級，越來越自動化時(shí)，有些攝影者很想不用這種照相機(jī)，或者暗示實(shí)際上不用這種照相機(jī)，而寧愿用現(xiàn)代化以前的照相技術(shù)。因?yàn)榇种频摹⑤^差的照相機(jī)械被認(rèn)為能得到更有趣、更動人的效果，給創(chuàng)造活動留有更大的余地。例如許多攝影師包括韋克歐。埃文斯和卡蒂埃。布雷桑拒絕使用現(xiàn)代裝備，實(shí)際上是為了維護(hù)他們的面子。這些攝影師開始懷疑照相機(jī)作為“快看”工具的價(jià)值�？ǖ侔�。布雷桑事實(shí)上斷言：現(xiàn)代照相機(jī)可能看得太快了。

    這種對待攝影手段的矛盾心理決定審美的趨向。對未來（看得越來越快）的狂熱崇拜不時(shí)同希望回復(fù)到更純正的過去（那時(shí)的形象具有手工業(yè)特征）交替發(fā)生。這種對某些早期攝影業(yè)的懷舊情緒目前正廣泛流行。這就是目前熱衷于銀板照相法和被遺忘的19世紀(jì)省城攝影師的作品的原因�？磥�，攝影師和攝影鑒賞者需要周期性地抵制他們自己已經(jīng)具有的知識。

    小結(jié)

    1） 按大綱規(guī)定，閱讀部分4篇文章總字?jǐn)?shù)為1600左右。本卷閱讀試題總字?jǐn)?shù)為1767，后兩篇難度較大，符合2011年試題的命題趨勢。

    2） 從本卷4篇文章的題材來看，第1篇是關(guān)于性別與職業(yè)；第2篇關(guān)于美國經(jīng)濟(jì)，第3篇是關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)做廣告的現(xiàn)狀和未來，第4篇關(guān)于攝影。可見，其題材與近年考題的選材原則基本一致。

    3） 從本卷4篇文章的題目類型來看，有細(xì)節(jié)理解題、細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題、詞匯釋義題、總結(jié)歸納題、推理判斷題、邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)題、作者觀點(diǎn)題和全文主旨題。與2010年試題類型相一致。

    4） “閱讀理解”解題時(shí)間通常為60～65分鐘。解題時(shí)間與答題正確率有密切關(guān)系�？忌鷳�(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況調(diào)整解題時(shí)間。要牢記先易后難！

    5） 解題方法：先瀏覽第1段，盡可能找到全文主題信息詞。然后掃描第1題，劃出題干中的信息詞，到相應(yīng)段落中尋找相關(guān)的信息詞，劃出信息詞、搜索目標(biāo)信息，比對4個(gè)選項(xiàng)，排除干擾項(xiàng)，確定正確答案。其他4題以此類推。如題目順序與段落順序不一致，要以變應(yīng)變、機(jī)動靈活。

    Part B

    41. [答案] [D]

    [注釋] 第1段講到文明人類發(fā)展的兩個(gè)階段：原始武器的發(fā)明和火的發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管無人知曉，人類是什么時(shí)候開始使用火的。選項(xiàng)[D]告訴我們：“語言的起源也是模糊不清的。毫無疑問，語言是一步一步逐漸開始形成的。”可見，作者認(rèn)為，原始武器的發(fā)明、火的發(fā)現(xiàn)和語言的形成都是漸進(jìn)的。所以，從邏輯上看，第1段與[D]是一脈相承的。接著，作者從人類的語言聯(lián)系到動物的叫聲，并指出人的言語也是從叫聲開始的，逐漸增加其數(shù)量以便達(dá)到不同的目的。綜上所述，[D]符合上下文的邏輯搭配。解題時(shí)考生應(yīng)注意上下文中關(guān)鍵信息詞的連結(jié)。如，Nobody—obscure—language—cries.

    42. [答案] [A]

    [注釋] 上文講到有人認(rèn)為，人類文明發(fā)展中，圖形語言先于口頭語言。[A]則表示，作者認(rèn)為，二者很可能是相輔相成的，而且語言是人類發(fā)展中比較重要的因素�？梢�，[A]是上文的邏輯延續(xù)，并且是段落的結(jié)論。

    43. [答案] [F]

    [注釋] 上文講到農(nóng)業(yè)使得在可以種植的地區(qū)（regions）人類數(shù)量的增加成為可能。[F]“這些地區(qū)起初只是靠大自然而肥沃的地區(qū)……”是正確選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)門hese正好指代上句中的regions，并構(gòu)成上下文邏輯的連貫性。

    注意：代詞與所代名詞的一致性也是重要的解題對策之一。

    44. [答案] [B]

    [注釋] 上面各段敘述了人類文明發(fā)展中的幾件大事：原始武器的發(fā)明、火的使用、語言的逐漸形成、飼養(yǎng)動物和農(nóng)業(yè)。下面一段一開頭就寫道：“這些發(fā)明和發(fā)現(xiàn)使文明社會的存在成為可能。”可見，下文是結(jié)論段。那么在上文與結(jié)論段之間必定還有一段來介紹另一件大事。[B]正好符合全文連貫性的需要：“還有一項(xiàng)根本性的技術(shù)進(jìn)步是書寫……”。

    45. [答案] [E]

    [注釋] 上文講到：“……起初，文明人類生活的區(qū)域局限于尼羅河、幼發(fā)拉底河、底格里斯和印度河，但是在所述時(shí)期結(jié)束時(shí)這個(gè)區(qū)域已經(jīng)覆蓋了更多的地球上可居住地區(qū)。我并不想認(rèn)為，在這么長的時(shí)間里就沒有技術(shù)進(jìn)步。”選項(xiàng)[E]一開頭就說：“實(shí)際上，曾經(jīng)取得過進(jìn)步——具有重大意義的發(fā)明就有兩項(xiàng)，即火藥和航海指南針……”可見，關(guān)鍵信息詞progress起到了承上啟下的橋梁作用。

    小結(jié)

    1. 選擇搭配題的考點(diǎn)是：

    1） 語段結(jié)構(gòu)：段首句、擴(kuò)展句和結(jié)論句之間在邏輯上的一致性。

    2） 語篇結(jié)構(gòu)：起、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合。段落與段落之間語篇結(jié)構(gòu)的連貫性。

    3） 邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：語段內(nèi)論點(diǎn)與論據(jù)的邏輯一致性。小標(biāo)題與段落內(nèi)容在邏輯上的一致性。

    2. 選擇搭配題的解題思路是：

    1） 第一種題型：瀏覽全文、把握主題，分段解題、關(guān)鍵信息詞連結(jié)，針對題目、各個(gè)突破。

    2） 第二種題型：吃透第一段，注意段落結(jié)尾句和段首句的承上啟下功能，狠抓段落與段落之間聯(lián)系的形態(tài)標(biāo)志（信息詞）和邏輯銜接，先慢后快。

    3） 第三種題型：把握語段內(nèi)論點(diǎn)與論據(jù)的一致性。

    4） 第四種題型：瀏覽段落，把握小標(biāo)題與段落在內(nèi)容上的一致性。

    3. 解題時(shí)間：20分鐘左右。

    Part C

    46. [答案]

    其余的時(shí)間我們則花在稱之為娛樂的各種活動上。“娛樂”是一個(gè)文雅的詞，它掩蓋了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即我們通常甚至在閑暇時(shí)間也不是在娛樂，而是把閑暇時(shí)間花在各種形式的消極的享受或消遣上。

    [注釋]allow sth. for sth. else把…撥出來為…用。the rest在句中作spend的賓語，意為“其他時(shí)間”。disguise原意為“假裝，假扮；隱藏，遮掩”。此句中引申譯成“掩蓋”。

    47. [答案]

    我想，正是積極娛樂（業(yè)余體育運(yùn)動）的減少，以及純粹感官消遣的大量增加，才引起社會學(xué)對這個(gè)問題的關(guān)注。

    [注釋]It is……which……是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。在美國英語中強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的連詞常用which代替that.give rise to是習(xí)語，意為“引起”。

    48. [答案]

    如果我們樂觀的話，這種精神食糧（電視節(jié)目）就可能是空虛乏味的，因而不會對任何人產(chǎn)生許多持久的影響。

    [注釋]diet在此處可引申為“精神食糧”或“電視節(jié)目”；thin and unnourishing可以引申為“空虛乏味”。too……to……太…以至于不…。give an account of敘述，介紹。

    49. [答案]

    只有當(dāng)消遣是積極的、自己參與并實(shí)踐了的時(shí)候，它才能真正被稱為娛樂，并且只有這樣，它才是一種對閑暇的正常支配。

    [注釋]as such有兩個(gè)含義：一個(gè)為“本身”；另一個(gè)為“照這樣”。如：He is a child. You should treat him as such.

    50. [答案]

    所有這些形形色色的職業(yè)，除了都消耗我們的時(shí)間，給我們留下很少空閑外，就沒有任何共同之處了。

    小結(jié)

    按考試大綱的要求，英譯漢短文總字?jǐn)?shù)約400字。劃線句子的總字?jǐn)?shù)為150字左右。英譯漢解題時(shí)間一般為30分鐘左右。本文365字，5個(gè)劃線句子的長度分別為：42字，31字，23字， 27字和25字，總計(jì)148字�？梢姡�本卷英譯漢試題的翻譯量與2010年同步，難度屬中等。

    Section ⅢWriting

    Part A

    51. 寫摘要的步驟：

    1. 在漢語文章上用鉛筆劃出全文要點(diǎn)。

    幫助孩子重新振作

    孩子得不到幫助，后果可能很嚴(yán)重。根據(jù)一次全國性調(diào)查，父母離異或分居的小孩在接下來的3年內(nèi)比別的小孩更有可能出現(xiàn)健康問題。父母離異的小孩留級率或停學(xué)率可能是別的小孩的兩倍， 需要咨詢的概率很可能比別的小孩多3倍。

    僅僅靠時(shí)間無法愈合這類精神創(chuàng)傷，這些孩子需要成年人的幫助。下面提供三項(xiàng)策略，是我在為這類有問題的家庭提供咨詢時(shí)總結(jié)出來的：

    一、 盡早將真相告訴小孩。我們提出了以下幾個(gè)辦法：

    親自向孩子透露令人沮喪的消息。當(dāng)孩子意識到自己和他所熟悉并信任的某個(gè)人共同分享真相時(shí)，他能正確面對幾乎任何事。如果有可能，離異的父母雙方在孩子聽到他們離異的消息時(shí)都應(yīng)在場。

    如果家庭壓力與一個(gè)意外事故有關(guān)，要說清楚事故的原委。否則，有些孩子會產(chǎn)生無端的負(fù)罪感。

    如果有較大的突發(fā)事件，要小心地解釋家庭生活可能會發(fā)生的變化。對孩子來說，了解任何事實(shí)比不明就里強(qiáng)。

    二、 鼓勵孩子將自己的情緒講出來，但如果孩子還沒準(zhǔn)備好，也別強(qiáng)迫他們。小孩子和成年人一樣，也需要談?wù)勛约旱娜焙丁Ｄ憧梢杂孟旅鎺讉�(gè)方法幫他們敞開心扉：

    發(fā)生悲劇時(shí)，首先跟孩子聊聊你自己的感受和煩惱，以便使孩子更容易表達(dá)出他們的感受。然后問些能引導(dǎo)進(jìn)一步討論的問題。

    跟孩子談話要挑選適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)機(jī)和場合。

    如果你無法用言語表達(dá)痛苦或擔(dān)憂，可以考慮給你的孩子寫一封信。讓孩子理解你的內(nèi)心感受很重要，這樣他們才能更好地理解他們自己的感受。

    三、 著眼于未來。我在伊利諾伊州的幾個(gè)朋友改建了住房。改建工程完成一個(gè)星期后，一場大火燒毀了房子，全家人差點(diǎn)兒葬身火海。

    過后，父母和孩子們坐下來談話。“一切都過去了，”母親說，“以后的生活絕不會跟以前一樣，一定會再好起來的。”經(jīng)過一年的努力，全家人搬進(jìn)了新居，新房子就建在原先房子的所在地。他們的財(cái)產(chǎn)比以前少多了，但是他們感情上變堅(jiān)強(qiáng)了，決心在生活上翻開新的一頁。

    當(dāng)危機(jī)襲來時(shí)，不健康的家庭會分崩離析，健康的家庭會向前看，重新構(gòu)建，他們通常會遵照下面的三條基本原則：

    做父母的得先治愈自己的創(chuàng)傷。如果父母中的一方或父母雙方帶頭的話，孩子就比較容易從一次較大的家庭挫折中重新振作起來。衣阿華州立大學(xué)的一些研究人員在研究中西部450個(gè)家庭的青少年受家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的影響時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)，家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)問題對十幾歲少年的影響比其父母對家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的反應(yīng)要小。

    把注意力重新放到家庭的價(jià)值上。不要哀嘆因?yàn)槟愕呐渑紒G掉了他或她的工作你就再也不能享受某些活動了，不要喋喋不休地談?wù)摎в谝粓龊樗�或火�?zāi)的家庭錄影集。

    讓小孩子參與對某些事情的決策，讓他們感到自己在做貢獻(xiàn)。一年春天，一個(gè)有幾個(gè)小孩的朋友意識到，她那有病的、上了年紀(jì)的祖母再也無法自理，將不得不搬到他們那棟3個(gè)臥室的簡陋房子里。父母立即和七歲的兒子、兩歲的女兒討論這個(gè)問題。“我們都必須盡力幫助她。” 母親說，“曾祖母需要一個(gè)自己的房間。”她對七歲的兒子說：“你妹妹還在睡嬰兒床，所以曾祖母只有睡你的床了。”

    這男孩將不得不睡在客廳的沙發(fā)床上。“太好了！”男孩說，他為能參與這一重要的家庭決定而感到高興，“我要讓她住我的房間。”老太太搬進(jìn)來后，孩子們似乎能感受到她的需求，無論什么時(shí)候，只要她在場，他們甚至?xí)�停止慣常的爭吵。

    2007年，在做了14年的單身母親后，我再婚了。這件事并沒有給我那3個(gè)已成年的兒子帶來很大的壓力，但這畢竟是一個(gè)很大的調(diào)整。我耐心地等待著他們對這一重大變化完全適應(yīng)的跡象。

    一天晚上，兒子們晚飯后要一起出去，他們一一跟我吻別道晚安。當(dāng)他們走近我的丈夫馬蒂時(shí)，我料想他們要和平時(shí)一樣依次跟他握手。然而，先是邁克爾，然后是湯姆和蒂姆，走到馬蒂跟前，第一次和他擁抱。那個(gè)簡單動作表明他們完全接受了這個(gè)繼父和我們新的家庭組合。我自豪地笑了，他們做得很好。他們能處理好他們未來人生道路上的任何問題。為人父母，比較感到知足的莫過于此。

    2. 根據(jù)劃出的重點(diǎn)句子構(gòu)架摘要，注意上下文的連貫性。

    3. 落筆成文，復(fù)核校正。

    Help Your Child Bounce Back

    When kids don‘t get assistance， the consequences can be grim. Here are three strategies that have emerged from my work with troubled families：

    1. Tell children the facts as soon as possible. First， break the distressing news yourself. Second， if the family stress involves an accident， make it clear how the accident happened. Third， with a major emergency， carefully explain how family life might change.

    2. Encourage children to share their emotions， but don‘t force them if they are not ready.

    3. Focus on the future. Parents should first heal themselves， refocus family values and then keep children involved in decisions. （100 words）

    摘要參考譯文：

    幫助孩子重新振作

    孩子得不到幫助，后果可能很嚴(yán)重。下面提供三項(xiàng)策略，是我在為這類有問題的家庭提供咨詢時(shí)總結(jié)出來的：

    1. 盡早將真相告訴小孩。第一，親自向孩子透露令人沮喪的消息。第二，如果家庭壓力與一個(gè)意外事故有關(guān)，要說清楚事故的原委。第三，如果有較大的突發(fā)事件，要小心地解釋家庭生活中可能會發(fā)生的變化。

    2. 鼓勵孩子將自己的情緒講出來，但如果孩子還沒準(zhǔn)備好，也別強(qiáng)迫他們。

    3. 著眼于未來。父母得先治愈自己的創(chuàng)傷，把注意力重新放到家庭的價(jià)值上，并讓孩子們參與對某些事情的決策。

    Part B

    52. 重點(diǎn)作文，務(wù)必背記。[參考樣文]

    There are many wonderful concerts and dramas to choose from in Beijing now. But badly behaved audience can sometimes spoil the show. As is depicted in the cartoon， a singer star is giving a performance， but one of the spectators suddenly stands up， answering his mobile phone loudly. Then the audience gets angry about his impolite behavior. It is obvious that the guy lacks public morality.

    The picture really sets me thinking. Now there are some young people who disregard and even ignore basic theatre etiquette. For example， when they go to a classical concert， they don‘t dress properly. As a rule， men need to wear a suit and ladies a dress on such occasions. Jeans and T-shirts and slippers are a strict “no”。 In addition， there are also people who tend to arrive late， which distracts both the performers and the audience. It often happens that some of the playgoers are inclined to whisper， thus disturbing others. So it is better to be quiet and save conversation for the interval or once the show is over.

    In my opinion， every one of us should do his part to safeguard public morals and try hard to improve them. Only in this way will we have a society where all of us live in complete harmony. （213 words）

    注：劃線句子為框架式句型，黑體字為語言亮點(diǎn)；考生應(yīng)背記這些句型與亮點(diǎn)并靈活運(yùn)用。

    參考譯文：

    北京有許多音樂會和話劇供觀眾挑選。但是行為不端的觀眾常常使演出掃興。正如本漫畫所描繪的，一位歌星正在表演，但是一個(gè)觀眾突然站起來，大聲接手機(jī)電話。于是，聽眾對這種不禮貌的行為十分憤怒。顯然，這家伙缺乏公德。

    這幅畫確實(shí)發(fā)人深��！現(xiàn)在有許多年輕人不顧，甚至不理睬劇場禮節(jié)。例如，他們?nèi)ヂ牴诺湟魳窌�時(shí)，衣履不端。通常，在這種場合，男子須穿西裝，女子須穿裙子套裝。牛仔褲、T恤衫和拖鞋絕對不行。此外，還有些人往往遲到，這就干擾了表演者和觀眾。常常發(fā)生這樣的事：有的看話劇的人喜歡交頭接耳，因而打擾了其他觀眾。因此，比較好保持安靜，等中間休息或演出結(jié)束后再談話。

    依我看，我們每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該盡力維護(hù)公德并努力改善公德。只有這樣我們才會有一個(gè)和諧的社會。

    小結(jié)

    Part A 是寫論文摘要。這是考試大綱在寫作Part A中新增的考點(diǎn)。寫摘要的技巧是抓住漢語文章的題目和每段主題句，然后用規(guī)范的英語表達(dá)出來；要注意上下文的邏輯層次和過渡詞的正確使用，也要注意句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。Part B作文是漫畫加提綱提示作文。命題形式與近年考試的命題形式基本一致。這種命題形式不僅要求考生描繪漫畫內(nèi)容，而且要求考生說明它所反映的社會現(xiàn)象并提出自己的看法。考生應(yīng)從參考作文中歸納出短文框架、段落結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型，以達(dá)到舉一反三、觸類旁通的目的。要通過背誦和改寫，達(dá)到活用的目標(biāo)。短文寫作解題時(shí)間A節(jié)一般為15分鐘左右；B節(jié)一般為30分鐘左右。

    贈言

    信心來源于腳踏實(shí)地的準(zhǔn)備，成功來源于艱苦奮斗的汗水。