2. [A] tempted [B] attracted [C] appealed [D] transferred

　　3. [A] on [B] for [C] as [D] about

　　4. [A] which [B] that [C] what [D] it

　　5. [A] turned [B] worked [C] brought [D] made

　　6. [A] special [B] specific [C] peculiar [D] particular

　　7. [A] existence [B] store [C] reality [D] mind

　　8. [A] abandoned [B] caught [C] separated [D] involved

　　9. [A] told [B] held [C] suggested [D] advised

　　10. [A] tendency [B] procedure [C] development [D] relation

　　11. [A] authority [B] power [C] control [D] ruling

　　12. [A] officers [B] men [C] administrators [D] fathers

　　13. [A] possessed [B] claimed [C] assured [D] enforced

　　14. [A] confirm [B] confer [C] consult [D] consider

　　15. [A] over [B] along [C] on [D] about

　　16. [A] alternate [B] different [C] varied [D] several

　　17. [A] And [B] So [C] Or [D] But

　　18. [A] state [B] country [C] people [D] national

　　19. [A] as [B] when [C] if [D] so

　　20. [A] dimension [B] complexity [C] exercise [D] function

　　答案

　　1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. D 7.D 8.D 9. B 10. C

　　11. A 12. D 13.A 14.C 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. B

　　總體分析

　　本文介紹了羅馬人有關國家建設的理論。第一句指出羅馬人有關國家形成的理論很有特點。第二句至第五句指出，羅馬人的理論與希臘人的大不相同，是非常具體的。第六句至文章結尾具體闡述了羅馬人關于國家權力的所有和分配形式。

　　全文翻譯

　　奧古斯都（羅馬帝國第一代皇帝）的成功很大程度上歸功于羅馬人將國家理論化的特點。羅馬人沒有制定出讓希臘人感興趣的建設理想國家的宏偉藍圖。在柏拉圖的《理想國》中不涉及具體個人或國家的一種個人與國家之間的關系被詳細地設計出來，但羅馬理論家們幾乎無一例外地忽視或拒絕接受像《理想國》這樣的智力訓練，認為它們毫無價值。羅馬人比較接近希臘模式的是西塞羅的《論國家》，甚至在這本書中西塞羅的心中已經對羅馬有了非常清楚的想法。即使涉及到宗教和道德概念，羅馬人關于國家的想法也是具體的。羅馬的第一位統(tǒng)治者羅穆盧斯被認為從神，尤其是從羅馬的守護神宙斯那里獲得了權力。所有憲法的發(fā)展都是一種賦予和監(jiān)督這種權力的方法。很顯然，人們相信只有先父們的立法機構，即一家之主們組成的比較初的參議院，才擁有行使這種權力所必需的宗教特質，因為它比較初的功能是尋求神的啟示。既實際又排外的參議員們將權力再進一步分割，認為他們的司法官或總管官員，將每隔一個月?lián)碛羞@項權力，并在之后將其擁有權擴大到更低等級的官員。但是重要的成就是創(chuàng)造了持續(xù)的國家權力的概念，這種權力只是臨時體現(xiàn)在某些上層階級的個人身上，并且只有當普通大眾一致同意的時候才被賦予。當新的部門和立法機構被創(chuàng)造出來并且?guī)缀鯖]有任何一個被擯棄的時候，這個系統(tǒng)變得越來越復雜。

　　十、蘇美爾人

　　All Sumerian cities recognized a number of gods in common，including the sky god，the lord of storms，and the morning and evening star.__1__the Sumerian worshipped the goddess of fertility，love，and war，she was evidently lower__2__status than the male gods，indicating that in a more urbanized society the__3__that the peoples of previous times had paid to the earth mother goddess had__4__. The gods seemed hopelessly violent and __5__，and one‘s life a period of slavery at their easy will. The epic poem The Creation emphasizes that__6__were created to enable the gods to__7__ up working. Each city moreover had its own god，who was considered to__8__ the temple literally and who was in theory the owner of all property within the city.__9__the priests who interpreted the will of the god and controlled the__10__ of the economic produce of the city were favored__11__ their supernatural and material functions __12__. When，after 3，000 B. C.，growing warfare among the cities made military leadership__13__，the head of the army who became king assumed a（n）__14__position between the god，whose agent he was，and the priestly class，whom he had both to use and to __15__. Thus king and priests represented the upper class in a hierarchical society.__16__them were the scribes，the secular attendants of the temple，who__17__every aspect of the city’s economic life and who developed a rough judicial system.__18__the temple officials，society was divided among an elite or__19__ group of large landowners and military leaders；a mixed group of merchants，artisans，and craftsmen，free peasants who__20__ the majority of the population；and slaves.

　　1. [A] Unless [B] As [C] Lest [D] Although