三、分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是分詞的一種特殊形式,在句中作狀語(yǔ)。在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中,名詞或代詞同其后的分詞、不定式、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系。
1、分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成類型
1)“邏輯主語(yǔ)+分詞”或“名詞/代詞+分詞”形式。例如:
He sat in front of them, his dusty face masking his age.
他坐在他們的前面,滿是灰塵的臉掩蓋了他的真實(shí)年齡。
All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off.
考慮到所有的事情,原計(jì)劃的旅行將被迫取消。
2)There being+主語(yǔ)。例如:
There being no danger, the police went back to their police office.
既然沒(méi)有危險(xiǎn),警察們又回到警局。
There having been no rain, the crops were dying.
沒(méi)有下雨,莊稼就要旱死了。
3)with+名詞詞組+分詞。例如:
With the problem settled, they were happy and relaxed.
問(wèn)題解決了,他們又高興又輕松。
With the price of gold going up, our economy would be improved.
隨著黃金價(jià)格的上漲,我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)形式會(huì)有所好轉(zhuǎn)。
2、邏輯主語(yǔ)與分詞的關(guān)系
現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng),邏輯主語(yǔ)發(fā)出、作出動(dòng)作;過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng),邏輯主語(yǔ)承受動(dòng)作;分詞的完成式表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。例如:
Writing to her, he expresses his wish to be a lawyer.他寫(xiě)信給她,表示自己要當(dāng)一名律師。
I found the letter written ten minutes ago by John.我發(fā)現(xiàn)信是十分鐘前約翰寫(xiě)的。
以上只是初步總結(jié)和歸納了分詞和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法,希望它能幫助同學(xué)們提高這方面的知識(shí)。
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