Text 5

　　It is true, as the movement critics assert, that the present women’s liberation groups are almost entirely based among “middle class” women, that is, college and career women; and the issues of psychological and sexual exploitation and, to a lesser extent, exploitation through consumption, have been the most prominent ones.

　　It is not surprising that the women’s liberation movement should begin among bourgeois women, and should be dominated in the beginning by their consciousness and their particular concerns. Radical women are generally the post war middle class generation that grew up with the right to vote, the chance at higher education and training for supportive roles in the professions and business. Most of them are young and sophisticated enough to have not yet had children and do not have to marry to support themselves. In comparison with most women, they are capable of a certain amount of control over their lives.

　　The higher development of bourgeois democratic society allows the women who benefit from education and relative equality to see the contradictions between its rhetoric (every boy can become president) and their actual place in that society. The working class woman might believe that education could have made her financially independent but the educated career woman finds that money has not made her independent. In fact, because she has been allowed to progress halfway on the upward�瞞obility ladder she can see the rest of the distance that is denied her only because she is a woman. She can see the similarity between her oppression and that of other sections of the population. Thus, from their own experience, radical women in the movement are aware of more faults in the society than racism and imperialism. Because they have pushed the democratic myth to its limits, they know concretely how it limits them.

　　At the same time that radical women were learning about American society they were also becoming aware of the male chauvinism in the movement. In fact, that is usually the cause of their first conscious verbalization of the prejudice they feel; it is more disillusioning to know that the same contradiction exists between the movement’s rhetoric of equality and its reality, for we expect more of our comrades.

　　This realization of the deep-seated prejudice against themselves in the movement produces two common reactions among its women: 1) a preoccupation with this immediate barrier (and perhaps a resultant hopelessness), and 2) a tendency to retreat inward, to buy the fool’s gold of creating a personally liberated life style.

　　However, our concept of liberation represents a consciousness that conditions have forced on us while most of our sisters are chained by other conditions, biological and economic, that overwhelm their humanity and desires for self fulfillment. Our background accounts for our ignorance about the stark oppression of women’s daily lives. (468 words)

　　1. What’s the basic difference between Middle Class women and other women in the liberation movement?

　　[A] Middle Class women are not married and have no children.

　　[B] Middle Class women are not afraid of their husbands.

　　[C] Other women grow up with no rights to vote.

　　[D] Other women have less control of their own lives.

　　2. What can we infer from the third paragraph?

　　[A] What makes women dependent is their economic status.

　　[B] Social democratic development plays a part in social inequality.

　　[C] Women can achieve their social equality through education.

　　[D] The upward�瞞obility ladder denies access to women.

　　3. What do radical women expect more from their male counterparts?

　　[A] More real respect for sex equality.

　　[B] More financial help.

　　[C] More political support.

　　[D] More active involvement in their movement.

　　4. According to the passage, when they realize the prejudice in their movement, a lot of women might

　　[A] become hopeless and pretend to live their own happy life.

　　[B] fight more bravely to get real equality with men.

　　[C] buys some gold so as to store enough money for themselves.

　　[D] retreat from the movement and focus on better education.

　　5. According to the author, the implication of the last paragraph is that most women

　　[A] are eager to be liberated by us from oppression.

　　[B] can retreat from the liberation movement too.

　　[C] couldn’t create the liberated life style as we do.

　　[D] have a strong desire for self-fulfillment as we do.

　　核心詞匯

　　critic n. 批評(píng)家,評(píng)論家

　　assert v. 主張,聲明,斷言

　　liberation n. 解放

　　psychological a. 心理(學(xué))的

　　exploitation n. 開發(fā),開采,自私的利用

　　consumption n.消耗量, 消費(fèi)量; 消耗, 消費(fèi), 揮霍

　　prominent a.杰出的; 顯著的; 突出的; 重要的

　　bourgeois n. 中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的人a. 中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的

　　dominate v. 支配,占優(yōu)勢(shì)

　　consciousness n. 意識(shí),知覺,自覺

　　radical n. 激進(jìn)分子,原子團(tuán)a. 激進(jìn)的,根本的,基本的,徹底的

　　sophisticated a. 尖端的,復(fù)雜的,先進(jìn)的;老練的,老于世故的

　　democratic a. 民主的

　　contradiction n. 反駁,矛盾

　　upward-mobility 上進(jìn)心，向上傾向

　　oppression n. 壓抑,沉悶,壓迫手段

　　racism n. 民族主義; 種族歧視(意識(shí))

　　imperialism n. 帝國(guó)主義

　　concretely ad.具體地

　　verbalization n. 以言語(yǔ)表現(xiàn),冗長(zhǎng),冗贅

　　prejudice n. 偏見,成見,傷害v. 使…存偏見,

　　使…有成見,傷害

　　disillusion n. 覺醒,幻滅 v. 醒悟,使幻想破滅

　　rhetoric n. 修辭,華麗虛飾的語(yǔ)言,修辭學(xué)

　　comrade n. 同志

　　preoccupation n. 先取,先入成見,偏見

　　biological a. 生物學(xué)的

　　ignorance n. 無(wú)知

　　難句剖析

　　1. It is true, as the movement critics assert, that the present women’s liberation groups are almost entirely based among “middle class” women, that is, college and career women; and the issues of psychological and sexual exploitation and, to a lesser extent, exploitation through consumption, have been the most prominent ones.

　　【解析】 it是形式主語(yǔ)，that the present women’s liberation groups…have been the most prominent ones整個(gè)句子是由that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，在the present women’s liberation groups are almost entirely based among “middle class” women, that is, college and career women 中，the present women’s liberation groups為主語(yǔ),are almost entirely based為謂語(yǔ)，這是個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，that is, college and career women為that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)前一句話的解釋說明。在and the issues of psychological and sexual exploitation and, to a lesser extent, exploitation through consumption, have been the most prominent ones中，issues為主語(yǔ)，have been為謂語(yǔ)。

　　【譯文】 沒錯(cuò)，正如婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)的批評(píng)家所聲稱的那樣，目前的女性解放群體幾乎完全是以中產(chǎn)階級(jí)婦女為基礎(chǔ)的，也就是大學(xué)畢業(yè)生和職業(yè)女性;對(duì)她們來講心理剝削和性剝削以及較少的消費(fèi)剝削是比較突出的問題。

　　2. It is not surprising that the women’s liberation movement should begin among bourgeois women, and should be dominated in the beginning by their consciousness and their particular concerns.

　　【解析】 it 為形式主語(yǔ)that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，the women’s liberation movement為從句主語(yǔ)，should begin和should be dominated為從句謂語(yǔ)，and should be dominated in the beginning by their consciousness and their particular concerns這句用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　【譯文】 婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)開始于資產(chǎn)階級(jí)婦女，而且在開始階段以她們的覺醒意識(shí)和所關(guān)注的特定內(nèi)容為中心也沒有什么稀奇的。

　　3. The higher development of bourgeois democratic society allows the women who benefit from education and relative equality to see the contradictions between its rhetoric (every boy can become president) and their actual place in that society.

　　【解析】 這句話的主干是development allows women to see the contradictions，所以development是主語(yǔ)，allows是謂語(yǔ)，women為賓語(yǔ)。who benefit from education and relative equality這句是由who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面的the women。

　　【譯文】 資產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主社會(huì)的高度發(fā)展讓這些女性從高等教育和相對(duì)平等中獲益，以至于可以看到民主發(fā)展所標(biāo)榜的‘每個(gè)孩子都可以當(dāng)總統(tǒng)’和她們?cè)谏鐣?huì)中的實(shí)際地位之間的矛盾。

　　4. However, our concept of liberation represents a consciousness that conditions have forced on us while most of our sisters are chained by other conditions, biological and economic, that overwhelm their humanity and desires for self�瞗ulfillment.

　　【解析】 全句是由while引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)并列句，第一個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)是our concept of liberation, 謂語(yǔ)是represents, 賓語(yǔ)是a consciousness, that…us 是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾a consciousness;第二個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)是most of our sisters, 謂語(yǔ)是are chained, 施動(dòng)者是other conditions, biological and economic是形容詞做定語(yǔ)后置修飾conditions, that…self�瞗ulfillment 是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾conditions.

　　【譯文】 然而，我們的自由觀念代表了一種我們的環(huán)境強(qiáng)加于我們的意識(shí)，而我們大多數(shù)的姐妹卻被其他的諸如生理和經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面的條件所囚禁著，這些條件壓制了她們的人性和實(shí)現(xiàn)自我價(jià)值的欲望。

　　文章類型：人文類——女性解放運(yùn)動(dòng)的主體

　　本文分析了女性解放運(yùn)動(dòng)中的主體，以及她們?cè)谶\(yùn)動(dòng)中受到的不平等及歧視。

　　試題解析

　　1. 在解放運(yùn)動(dòng)中，中產(chǎn)階級(jí)女性和其他女性比較基本的不同點(diǎn)是什么?

　　[A] 中產(chǎn)階級(jí)女性沒有結(jié)婚，沒有孩子。

　　[B] 中產(chǎn)階級(jí)女性不怕她們的丈夫。

　　[C] 其他女性沒有投票權(quán)。

　　[D] 其他女性對(duì)自己的生活控制的更加少。

　　細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題【正確答案】[D]

　　文章第二段比較后一句說“同多數(shù)女性相比，這些人能夠?qū)ψ约旱纳�活有一定的控制�?rdquo;。換句話說，就是其他女性對(duì)自己生活的控制力較少。

　　2. 我們可以從第三段中推出什么?

　　[A] 女性的經(jīng)濟(jì)地位決定著她們能否獨(dú)立。

　　[B] 社會(huì)民主的發(fā)展對(duì)社會(huì)的不平等也起著作用。

　　[C] 通過教育，女性可以得到社會(huì)平等。

　　[D] 在社會(huì)階層的階梯上，女性是不被允許繼續(xù)往上爬的。

　　推理題【正確答案】[B]

　　文章第三段第一句說“資產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主社會(huì)的高度發(fā)展讓這些女性從高等教育和相對(duì)平等中獲益，以致可以看到民主發(fā)展所標(biāo)榜的‘每個(gè)孩子都可以成為總統(tǒng)’和她們?cè)谏鐣?huì)中的實(shí)際地位之間的矛盾”。這說明社會(huì)民主在發(fā)展，甚至說任何人都可以成為總統(tǒng)，而女性的實(shí)際地位卻沒有改變，證明社會(huì)的民主發(fā)展實(shí)際上在社會(huì)不平等中也扮演了角色，起到了作用。

　　3. 激進(jìn)的女性期待男性對(duì)手怎樣?

　　[A] 無(wú)性別歧視，給予真正的尊重。

　　[B] 更多的經(jīng)濟(jì)上的幫助。

　　[C] 更多政治上的支持。

　　[D] 更加積極的參與婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)。

　　細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題【正確答案】[A]

　　文章第四段說“在激進(jìn)婦女越來越了解美國(guó)社會(huì)時(shí)，她們也同時(shí)越來越感受到婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)中的大男子主義。實(shí)際上，這通常是讓女性第一次明確說出自己感受到的歧視的原因。當(dāng)意識(shí)到婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)所標(biāo)榜的平等和該運(yùn)動(dòng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況之間的矛盾時(shí)，婦女變得更加失望，因?yàn)槲覀兿霃奈覀兊耐�志那里得到更�?rdquo;。顯然女性想從男性那里獲得的是少一些大男子主義，也就是多一些對(duì)性別平等的真正尊重。

　　4. 根據(jù)文章的觀點(diǎn)，當(dāng)女性意識(shí)到在解放運(yùn)動(dòng)中受到的歧視，她們會(huì)

　　[A] 很失望，過著自欺欺人的幸福生活。

　　[B] 更勇敢的斗爭(zhēng)，爭(zhēng)取和男人平等。

　　[C] 買很多黃金給自己儲(chǔ)備足夠的金錢。

　　[D] 從運(yùn)動(dòng)中撤回，把重心放在更好的教育上。

　　細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題【正確答案】[A]

　　文章第五段說“意識(shí)到這種深深扎根于她們的解放運(yùn)動(dòng)中的歧視，婦女會(huì)產(chǎn)生兩種常見的反應(yīng)：1)對(duì)這種比較直接的障礙的偏見(可能導(dǎo)致絕望)，2)從陣上撤退，然后創(chuàng)造一種自欺欺人的個(gè)人的自由生活方式”。所以正好是A選項(xiàng)的兩點(diǎn)。

　　5. 根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，比較后一段暗示了大部分女性

　　[A] 渴望被解放，擺脫壓迫。

　　[B] 也能從解放運(yùn)動(dòng)中撤回。

　　[C] 并不能像我們一樣創(chuàng)造自由的生活。

　　[D] 都像我們一樣懷有強(qiáng)烈的實(shí)現(xiàn)自我價(jià)值的欲望。

　　推理題【正確答案】[C]

　　本題較難。要將末尾兩個(gè)段落綜合考慮。第五段末尾曾提到激進(jìn)的中產(chǎn)積極婦女如果感到歧視根深蒂固就可能絕望，或干脆過一種自己的自由生活了事，而文章尾段表示“我們的自由觀念代表了一種我們的環(huán)境強(qiáng)加于我們的意識(shí)，而我們大多數(shù)的姐妹卻被其他的諸如生理和經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面的條件所囚禁著，這些條件壓制了她們的人性和實(shí)現(xiàn)自我價(jià)值的欲望”，證明大多數(shù)女性不能像我們一樣，要是不搞婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)了就可以過一種自己想過的自由生活。

　　全文精譯

　　沒錯(cuò)，正如婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)的批評(píng)家所聲稱的那樣，目前的女性解放群體幾乎完全是以中產(chǎn)階級(jí)婦女為基礎(chǔ)的，也就是大學(xué)畢業(yè)生和職業(yè)女性;對(duì)她們來講心理剝削和性剝削以及較少的消費(fèi)剝削是比較突出的問題。

　　婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)開始于資產(chǎn)階級(jí)婦女，而且在開始階段以她們的覺醒意識(shí)和所關(guān)注的特定內(nèi)容為中心也沒有什么稀奇的。激進(jìn)的婦女通常是戰(zhàn)后的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)一代，她們成年后享有投票權(quán)、獲得高等教育的機(jī)會(huì)和在她們的職業(yè)和領(lǐng)域中扮演次要角色所需的訓(xùn)練。她們絕大多數(shù)都很年輕而且精明的選擇到現(xiàn)在還沒有孩子，而且不必通過婚姻來養(yǎng)活自己。同多數(shù)女性相比，這些人能夠?qū)ψ约旱纳�活有一定的控制力�?/p>

　　資產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主社會(huì)的高度發(fā)展讓這些女性從高等教育和相對(duì)平等中獲益，以至于可以看到民主發(fā)展所標(biāo)榜的‘每個(gè)孩子都可以當(dāng)總統(tǒng)’和她們?cè)谏鐣?huì)中的實(shí)際地位之間的矛盾。工人積極婦女可能認(rèn)為教育可以讓她們獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)上的獨(dú)立，但是受過教育的婦女發(fā)現(xiàn)錢并沒有能讓她們獨(dú)立。實(shí)際上，由于她們被允許在社會(huì)階層的階梯上爬到一半，她們可以看到她們沒有權(quán)利繼續(xù)爬上另外一半，原因在于她們是女人。她們可以看到她們自己受到的壓迫和人口中其他階層所受到的壓迫之間的相似性。因此，根據(jù)她們自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，激進(jìn)的婦女在婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)除了種族主義、帝國(guó)主義以外的社會(huì)弊病。因?yàn)樗齻儼衙裰鞯纳裨捯呀?jīng)推到了極限，她們清楚地知道民主是怎樣限制她們的發(fā)展的。

　　在激進(jìn)婦女越來越了解美國(guó)社會(huì)時(shí)，她們也同時(shí)越來越感受到婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)中的大男子主義。實(shí)際上，這通常是讓女性第一次明確說出自己感受到的歧視的原因。當(dāng)意識(shí)到婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)所標(biāo)榜的平等和該運(yùn)動(dòng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況之間的矛盾時(shí)，婦女變得更加失望，我們期待更多的伙伴加入我們。

　　意識(shí)到這種深深扎根于她們的解放運(yùn)動(dòng)中的歧視，婦女會(huì)產(chǎn)生兩種常見的反應(yīng)：1)對(duì)這種直接的障礙的偏見(可能導(dǎo)致絕望)，2)從陣上撤退，然后創(chuàng)造一種自欺欺人的個(gè)人的自由生活方式。

　　然而，我們的自由觀念代表了一種我們的環(huán)境強(qiáng)加于我們的意識(shí)，而我們大多數(shù)的姐妹卻被其他的諸如生理和經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面的條件所囚禁著，這些條件壓制了她們的人性和實(shí)現(xiàn)自我價(jià)值的欲望。我們的背景使我們不了解女性日常生活中所遭遇的殘酷壓迫。

　　第一段：女性解放運(yùn)動(dòng)的主體。

　　第二段：分析了中產(chǎn)階級(jí)女性是運(yùn)動(dòng)主體的原因。

　　第三段：女性解放中遇到的問題即受到的歧視。

　　第四段：女性意識(shí)到運(yùn)動(dòng)中的不公平，更加失望。

　　第五段：女性意識(shí)到歧視后的兩種反應(yīng)。

　　第六段：另一些經(jīng)濟(jì)地位不高的女性面臨的問題更多。