2010年考研真題：英語(yǔ)試題及答案-育路考研

來(lái)源：時(shí)間：2010-01-10 21:38:48

2010年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)一試題

Section Ⅰ Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered bland and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

In 1924 American’ National Research Council sent to engineer to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting 1 workers productivity. Indeed, the studies ended 2 giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect” the extremely influential idea the very 3 to being experimented upon changed subject’s behavior.

The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the women in the plant. According to 5 of the experiments their hourly out put rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 6 what was done in the experiment; 7 something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 8 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers’ behavior 10 itself.

After several decades, the same data were 11 to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store 12 the descriptions on record, no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.

It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to 14 interpretation of what happened 15 , lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days 18 , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers 19 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 20 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged” Hawthorne effect” is hard to pin down.

1.[A]	affected	[B]	achieved	[C]	extracted	[D]	restored
2.[A]	at	[B]	up	[C]	with	[D]	off
3.[A]	truth	[B]	sight	[C]	act	[D]	proof
4.[A]	controversial	[B]	perplexing	[C]	mischieous	[D]	ambiguous
5.[A]	requirements	[B]	explanations	[C]	accounts	[D]	assessments
6.[A]	conclude	[B]	matter	[C]	indicate	[D]	work
7.[A]	as far as	[B]	for fear that	[C]	in case that	[D]	so long as
8.[A]	awareness	[B]	expectation	[C]	sentiment	[D]	illusion
9.[A]	suitable	[B]	excessive	[C]	enough	[D]	abundant
10.[A]	about	[B]	for	[C]	on	[D]	by
11.[A]	compared	[B]	shown	[C]	subjected	[D]	conveyed
12.[A]	contrary to	[B]	consistent with	[C]	parallel with	[D]	pealiar to
13.[A]	evidence	[B]	guidance	[C]	implication	[D]	source
14.[A]	disputable	[B]	enlightening	[C]	reliable	[D]	misleading
15.[A]	In contrast	[B]	For example	[C]	In consequence	[D]	As usual
16.[A]	duty	[B]	accidentally	[C]	unpredictably	[D]	suddenly
17.[A]	failed	[B]	ceased	[C]	started	[D]	continued
18.[A]		[B]		[C]		[D]
19.[A]		[B]		[C]		[D]
20.[A]	breaking	[B]	climbing	[C]	surpassing	[D]	hiting

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Reading the following four texts, answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B],[C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40 points)

Text 2

Over the past decade, thousands of patents have seen granted for what are called business methods. Amazon.com received one for its “one-click” online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lying a box.

Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In the Bilski, as the case is known, is a “very big deal”, says Dennis’D Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”

Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.

The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three and that one issue it wants to evaluate is weather it should “reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.

The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Count that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reacting to the anti_patent trend at the supreme court”, says Harole C.wegner, a partend attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School.

26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of

[A] their limited value to business

[B] their connection with asset allocation

[C] the possible restriction on their granting

[D] the controversy over authorization

27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?

[A] Its rulling complies with the court decisions

[B] It involves a very big business transaction]

[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit

[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.

28. The word “about-face” (Line 1,Para 3) most probably means

[A] loss of good will

[B] increase of hostility

[C] change of attitude

[D] enhancement of disnity

29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents

[A] are immune to legal challenges

[B] are of ten unnecessarily issued

[C] lower the esteem for patent holders

[D] increase the incidence of risks

30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?

[A] A looming threat to business-method patents

[B] Protection for business-method patent holders

[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents

[D] A prevailing tread against business-method patents

Text 3

In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm aladuell alques that social epidemics are dliven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or we connect. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.

The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plansible sounding but largely untested theory called the “tow-step flow of communication”. Information allows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those select people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of people was wearing, promoting or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.

In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don’t seem to be required of all.

The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey-whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence-even the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebring influentials who according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influcenciny their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the casecade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people.

Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendencies to be.

31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to

[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics

[B] discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas

[C] exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics

[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials

32. The author suggests that the “two-step-flow theory”

[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems

[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends

[C] has won support from influentials

[D] requires solid evidence for its validity

33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that

[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions

[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media

[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public

[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention

34. The underlined phrase “these people” in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who

[A] stay outside the network of social influence

[B] have little contact with the source of influence

[C] are influenced and then influence others

[D] are influenced by the initial influential

35. What is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?

[A] The eagerness to be accepted

[B] The impulse to influence others

[C] The readiness to be influenced

[D] The inclination to rely on others

Text 4

Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else; the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must valve some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.

Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult. After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who “question our motives.” Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls “the use of judgment by management.”

European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real world” and that Europe could yet develop different rules.

It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank’s shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.

To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility form special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.

36. Bankers complained that they were forced to

[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules

[B] collect payments from third parties

[C] cooperate with the price managers

[D] reevaluate some of their assets

37. According to the author, the rule changes of the FASB may result in

[A] the diminishing role of management

[B] the revival of the banking system

[C] the banks’ long-term asset losses

[D] the weakening of its independence

38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to

[A] keep away from political influences.

[B] evade the pressure from their peers.

[C] act on their own in rule-setting.

[D] take gradual measures in reform.

39. The author thinks the bank were “on the wrong planet” in that they

[A] misinterpreted market price indicators

[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets.

[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts.

[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets.

40. The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of \

[A] satisfaction

[B] skepticism

[C] objectiveness

[D] sympathy

Part B

Directions:

For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the first A-G and fill them into the numbered boxed to from a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which dose not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)

[A]The first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out: the consumption of food and drink in places other than hours has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption on 1995 to 35% in 2000 and is expected to approach 38% by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5% a year as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternation

[B]Retail, sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retails have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion aboard. But almost all have ignored the big profitable opportunity in their own back yard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.

[C]Will such variations bring about a change in overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is base on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide. What to buy. At any rate, this change and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.

[D]All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rank in substantial profits thereby. At last, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest nation market especially in their customer segment and wholesale structures, a as well as the competitive dynamics.

[E]Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined — France, Germany, Italy, and Spain — are made out of the same building block. Demand mainly from two sources: in dependent mom—and –pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are too small to buy straight when they don’t eat at home. Such food service operators, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”: hotels, restaurant and cafes. Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figure when assed together, mask too opposing trends.

[F]for example, wholesale food and drink sales came to ＄268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000 - more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail ; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often ;and in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last man it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.

[G]However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers land even some large food producers and existing wholesalers, from trying their hand, foe those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.

When one of these non-economic categories is threatened, and, if we happen to love it .We invent excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.(46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up of birds failed to control them, the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.

It is painful to read these round about accounts today .We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.

A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds .(48) Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless species.

Some species of trees have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops (49) In Europe ,where forestry is ecologically more advanced ,the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community ,to be preserved as such ,within reason.

To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.(50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. Without the uneconomic pats.

Section Ⅲ Writing

Part A

51. Directions:

You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.

You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “postgraduate association” instead.

Part B

52. Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) explain its intended meaning, and then

3) give your comments.

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

Section I Use of English

1.A

　　解析：A項(xiàng) affect 意思是“影響，感動(dòng)”； B項(xiàng) achieve意思是“達(dá)成，完成”； C項(xiàng)extract意思是“提取，榨出”；D項(xiàng)restore是“恢復(fù)，重建”. 這句話的意思是：他們想通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)探究車(chē)間照明是如何影響工人的生產(chǎn)率的，所以答案是A。

　　2.B

　　解析：本題考查了固定短語(yǔ)end up 的用法，end up 意思是“比較終成為……”，end 和其它三個(gè)介詞的搭配都無(wú)此意，故選B。

　　3.C

　　解析：本句的大意為：研究比較終總結(jié)為一個(gè)極具影響力的概念—“霍桑效應(yīng)”，也正是實(shí)驗(yàn)所研究的行為改變了工人們的表現(xiàn)。所以這里應(yīng)選擇C。

　　4.B

　　解析：作者這里表達(dá)的意思是這個(gè)問(wèn)題之所以引起大家的注意是因?yàn)楣S女工的行為令人費(fèi)解。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中perplexing意為“令人費(fèi)解的”，所以正確答案為B。

　　5.C

　　解析：本句的含義是：根據(jù)研究描述，當(dāng)照明燈變亮或變暗時(shí)，工人的時(shí)產(chǎn)量就會(huì)提高。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有描述含義的是C項(xiàng) accounts。

　　6.B

　　解析：這句話的意思是：實(shí)驗(yàn)中做什么并不重要。 Do not matter 固定表達(dá)，故選B。

　　7.D

　　解析：考查so long as 短語(yǔ)，意思是“只有”，句子意思是：只要有改變，生產(chǎn)率就會(huì)上升。

　　8.A

　　解析：A項(xiàng)awareness 意思是“意識(shí)”，B項(xiàng)expectation意為“期望”，C項(xiàng)sentiment 意為“”觀點(diǎn)，意見(jiàn)，D項(xiàng)illusion 為“幻覺(jué)”，本句的大意是說(shuō)：工人知到自己本身是被研究對(duì)象-這一意識(shí)就足以改變他們的行為。所以選A。

　　9.C

　　解析：見(jiàn)第8題解析。

　　10.D

　　解析：見(jiàn)第8題解析。

　　11.C

　　解析：be subjected to表示“服從于，與……一致’，為固定短語(yǔ)。

　　12.A

　　解析：contrary to表示“與…相反“。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境提示，空白處需要填寫(xiě)一個(gè)能表示轉(zhuǎn)折意味的鏈接詞。

　　13.A

　　解析：只有evidence一詞可與found呼應(yīng)，表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)或找到證據(jù)”。

　　14.D

　　misleading“欺騙性，誤導(dǎo)性的”，意思上來(lái)看，符合語(yǔ)境所表達(dá)的意思。

　　15.B

　　解析：for example與上句呼應(yīng)，舉例說(shuō)明問(wèn)題。

　　16.A

　　解析：duly表示“準(zhǔn)時(shí)地，在同一個(gè)時(shí)間地”，填入句中后意思表達(dá)更精確。

　　17.D

　　解析：與前句duly rose呼應(yīng)，遞進(jìn)說(shuō)明問(wèn)題，故應(yīng)選continue。

　　18.C

　　解析：此句意思與上句相反，說(shuō)明另一種情況，故應(yīng)使用轉(zhuǎn)折詞but。

　　19.B

　　解析：tend to do“傾向于做某事”，說(shuō)明一種常規(guī)的事實(shí)。

　　20.D

　　解析：hit 能與a plateau搭配，意為“到達(dá)高地，觸及頂點(diǎn)”，句意才符合語(yǔ)境。

Section II Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Text 1

　　21.現(xiàn)在此處寫(xiě)答案

　　解析：

　　22.

　　解析：

　　23.

　　解析：

　　24.

　　解析：

　　25.

　　解析：

　　Text 2

　　26.C

　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問(wèn)及商業(yè)專(zhuān)利方法在比較近引起關(guān)注的原因是是什么，解答本題應(yīng)定位二段首句并結(jié)合一段的主旨要義。二段首句指出“國(guó)家比較高專(zhuān)利法庭準(zhǔn)備對(duì)商業(yè)方法專(zhuān)利進(jìn)行縮減，這引起了了爭(zhēng)議。”一段主要提及在過(guò)去10年商業(yè)方法授予了成千上萬(wàn)的專(zhuān)利。由此可見(jiàn)，選項(xiàng)C是對(duì)原文的同義置換故為正確答案。

　　27.B

　　解析：推理判斷題。文章在二段提及Bilski case，在四段提及對(duì)Bilski case的結(jié)論性說(shuō)明，在四段中針對(duì)Bilski case，聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)表了不同尋常的法令，而四段末句提到該法令引起對(duì)“state street Bank ruling”的是否重新考慮，由此可知B為正確答案。

　　28.C

　　解析：詞匯短語(yǔ)題。含有該詞的句子起到承前啟后作用，解答本題應(yīng)結(jié)合二段主旨及三段because后的句意來(lái)解題，二段提及“國(guó)家比較高專(zhuān)利法庭準(zhǔn)備對(duì)商業(yè)方法專(zhuān)利進(jìn)行縮減”，而三段提及introduced such patents…, approving a patent…,由此可知，宣稱(chēng)對(duì)商業(yè)方法的控制將會(huì)有巨大的態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變，故C正確。

　　29.B

　　解析：推論題。結(jié)合倒數(shù)二段二句及末段首句可知B符合文意。此題用排除法比較為便利。文章的比較后兩段未提到ACD的內(nèi)容。而B項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容符合“that too many patents were being upheld”，同時(shí)B 選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容符合文章的中心。

　　30.D

　　解析：主旨題。文章首段提到“過(guò)去10年”，而二段首句轉(zhuǎn)到“Now”，文章的此脈絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)可知“ A prevailing tread”可統(tǒng)領(lǐng)文意，此外文章二至四段，主要談及聯(lián)邦巡講對(duì)“business-method patents”的立場(chǎng)變化，故D為正確答案。

　　Text 3

　　31.B

　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。文章提到Tipping Point真本書(shū)描述社會(huì)流行風(fēng)潮是由一小部分名人引起的，然而，筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn)在首段末又說(shuō)“it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread”。進(jìn)而引出作者對(duì)名人傳播想法功能的討論。由此B選項(xiàng)正確。而A、C、D 均不是作者要討論的問(wèn)題。

　　32.D

　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段首句 “the supposed…plausible sounding but largely untested theory。.”以及末句“…only certain special people can drive trends”充分說(shuō)明這種理論證據(jù)不夠充足。而D選項(xiàng)正確的反應(yīng)了文中的內(nèi)容。

　　33.A

　　解析：根據(jù)題干，線索大致定位到第三段，但是第三段并沒(méi)有清晰的找到題解，而接下來(lái)的第四段清晰的反應(yīng)出了社會(huì)互動(dòng)所產(chǎn)生的巨大影響這一內(nèi)容。A選項(xiàng)充分的表明了這一點(diǎn)。

34.C

　　解析：根據(jù)題干，線索定位到第四段。同過(guò)分析這個(gè)短語(yǔ)所在的句子，“For a social epidemic…;just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with…”此句主要表明人們是如何被別人影響進(jìn)而又去影響別人的。而C選項(xiàng)恰是對(duì)這一點(diǎn)的正確表述。

　　35.C

　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干，線索定位到比較后一段，從“…relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be…”這句話中能夠得知社會(huì)影響動(dòng)力因素包括人們影響別人的能力包括被別人影響的傾向性。而C選項(xiàng)充分的體現(xiàn)了這一點(diǎn)。

　　Text 4

　　36.A

　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。答案意為“遵循不利的資產(chǎn)評(píng)估準(zhǔn)則”。

　　由題干中的 “Bankers complained” 和 “force”定位于第一段第三行 “Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch。” 該句核心詞為rules，四個(gè)答案中只有A選項(xiàng)包含。

　　37.A

　　解析：推理引申題。答案意為“管理的作用的逐漸消失”。根據(jù)題干中的專(zhuān)有名詞FASB定位于第三段。第一句提到FASB經(jīng)過(guò)努力使國(guó)會(huì)通過(guò)了一些變革，這些變革賦予了銀行更多的權(quán)利，也就是說(shuō)對(duì)銀行的管理更為松散，所以答案為“管理的作用的逐漸消失”。

　　38.C

　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。答案意為“獨(dú)立自主的制定法規(guī)”。根據(jù)題干中的 “McCreevy objects to”定位到第五段。第五段提到立即根據(jù)美國(guó)的變化做出一樣的反應(yīng)，歐洲的各界人士對(duì)此的反對(duì)十分強(qiáng)烈，引用McCreevy的話是為了說(shuō)明這一點(diǎn)：歐洲要對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題有自己獨(dú)立的法律法規(guī)。

　　39.C

　　解析：句意題。答案意為“忽視了壞賬存在的極大可能性”。根據(jù)題干的信息定位到第六段Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts。批判銀行一味的夸大“that market prices overstate losses”，而忽視了“the likely extent of bad debts”。

　　40.D

　　解析：情感態(tài)度題。文章討論了銀行針對(duì)“standard-setters”的敵意行為，特別是文章比較后一段更是明確的表明了作者對(duì)“standard-setters”的同情。

　　Part B

　　41.B

　　解析：本題需要找出文章的首段，可用排除法做。首先A 選項(xiàng)中提到“the first and more important…”中的 “more” 應(yīng)該在前文中提到，故排除。B選項(xiàng)首句就提出了歐洲食品零售所面臨的問(wèn)題，根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)法：提出問(wèn)題—分析問(wèn)題—解決問(wèn)題，此段符合首段要求，即提出了文章的中心問(wèn)題，而且本選項(xiàng)中也沒(méi)有明顯的需要和上文銜接的關(guān)系詞，而其它選項(xiàng)都有明顯的與上文銜接的信息詞，不能在首段出現(xiàn)，故B為正確答案。

　42.F

　　解析：首段一旦確定，本段內(nèi)容便可根據(jù)上文順藤摸瓜，第一段比較后一句話“but”后指出了雖然食品零售商面臨著“at a standstill (幾乎停止發(fā)展)”的問(wèn)題，他們卻忽略了一個(gè)潛在的市場(chǎng)即他們身邊的 “wholesale food and trade(食品批發(fā)市場(chǎng))”。而F 選項(xiàng)首句便舉例說(shuō)明法國(guó)、德國(guó)、意大利等國(guó)家的食品批發(fā)產(chǎn)業(yè)的市場(chǎng)規(guī)模比食品零售產(chǎn)業(yè)要大40%。而且在“moreover”后又進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明批發(fā)的利潤(rùn)大零售很多。因此可以判斷此選項(xiàng)是對(duì)第一段的例證說(shuō)明。其中 “for example” 是明顯的信息提示詞。

　　43.D

　　解析：上段介紹了食品批發(fā)商的優(yōu)勢(shì)，而D選項(xiàng)第一句“All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which…” 則對(duì)上文的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，其中all in all 是較明顯的信息提示詞，即上文中提到的食品批發(fā)的優(yōu)勢(shì)推出這是明顯對(duì)于 “big retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling”是一個(gè)“market”。因此D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

　　44.G

　　解析：上段比較后一句提出的“particular abilities” 以及“new skills and unfamiliar business models are needed。” , 即零售商需要新的技能及不熟悉的商業(yè)模式。而G選項(xiàng)第一句提到的 “these requirements(這些要求)”正是指上文所提到的技能。

　　45.A

　　解析：此題可以用排除法做，所剩下的選項(xiàng)只有A和C，需要注意的是本題并沒(méi)有明顯的信息詞，所以需要閱讀選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)而找出正確答案。此題前文的已知段落E選項(xiàng)中比較后一句“two opposing trends”在A選項(xiàng)中得到了體現(xiàn)，即一方面由于人們選擇在外就餐而擴(kuò)大了食品批發(fā)的需求，而另一方面人們又開(kāi)始感到“anxious(焦慮)”。而C選項(xiàng)第一句提到的“such variations”在上文中并沒(méi)有得到體現(xiàn)，因此可以斷定A為正確答案。

　　Part C

　　46. Scinentists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them。

　　解析：句子的主干是“scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence”，后接that 引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句修飾that從句。to the effect that大意是，意思是； fail to 未能； jump to立即，趕快 the rescue營(yíng)救，援救，解救。

　　參考譯文：科學(xué)家們立即拿出某些明顯站不住腳的證據(jù)前來(lái)救駕，大致說(shuō)的是如果鳥(niǎo)兒不能控制害蟲(chóng)的話，害蟲(chóng)就會(huì)把我們吃掉。

　　47. but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue survival as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us。

解析：句子主干we have drawn near the point。介詞短語(yǔ)of admitting that.。.作定語(yǔ)修飾point。其中嵌套了that從句作admit的賓語(yǔ)從句。regardless of.。.作讓步狀語(yǔ)。a matter of ...。.的問(wèn)題，大約；draw near 接近，靠近；intrinsic right天生的權(quán)利，固有的權(quán)利；economic advantage經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)。

參考譯文：但是我們至少已經(jīng)幾乎承認(rèn)了這樣一種觀點(diǎn)：不管鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)對(duì)我們是否有經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，生存都是它們的固有權(quán)利。

　　48. Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on “worthless species。

　　解析：主干time was when...。when引導(dǎo)了表語(yǔ)從句。Time was when可看作固定短語(yǔ)，譯為“從前，曾經(jīng)”。注意兩個(gè)并列同位語(yǔ)從句的翻譯。

　　參考譯文：曾幾何時(shí)，生物學(xué)家總是重述以下的這條證據(jù)：這些生物通過(guò)捕食弱小的動(dòng)物去維持生物鏈的正常運(yùn)行，或它們只是去捕食“沒(méi)有價(jià)值的物種”。

　　49. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason。

　　解析：句子的主體是“the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community”，包含被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句子開(kāi)頭是一個(gè)where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，to be preserved是修飾noncommercial tree species的成分。Within reason合情合理的，理智的。注意被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的處理。

　　參考譯文：歐洲的林業(yè)從生態(tài)上講較為先進(jìn)，它把沒(méi)有成為商業(yè)化對(duì)象的樹(shù)種視為原始森林群落的成員而適當(dāng)?shù)丶右员Ｗo(hù)。

　　50. It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning。

　　解析：句子主干“It tends to ignore many elements”；兩個(gè)that從句意思上轉(zhuǎn)折，句法上為并列的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the land community。注意插入語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句以及代詞指代的處理。

　　參考譯文：這一體系容易忽視并比較終消滅很多缺乏商業(yè)價(jià)值的物種，然而這些物種對(duì)于整個(gè)生物群落的健康運(yùn)行是至關(guān)重要的。

　　Section III Writing

　　51.小作文

　　以研究生會(huì)的名義寫(xiě)一封通知，通知的內(nèi)容是為全球一體化的國(guó)際會(huì)議招募志愿者，這個(gè)通知必須包aa括申請(qǐng)者的基本職位要求及你認(rèn)為相關(guān)的其他信息。寫(xiě)100個(gè)字左右，不要在通知末尾寫(xiě)你自己的名字，用“Postgraduates’Association”代替。

　　審題謀篇：

　　本次小作文考察“通知”這一事務(wù)公文，“通知”的目的在于督促對(duì)方參加活動(dòng)，具體來(lái)講，是招募志愿者。結(jié)構(gòu)上，只需寫(xiě)題目，正文，署名以及時(shí)間即可。語(yǔ)言上，語(yǔ)言應(yīng)直截了當(dāng)，簡(jiǎn)潔明了，可適當(dāng)使用被動(dòng)句表達(dá)。內(nèi)容上，題目要求寫(xiě)招募職位，以及相關(guān)信息。關(guān)于職位，可寫(xiě)涉及前臺(tái)接待、會(huì)場(chǎng)指引、乘車(chē)指引、英文翻譯等服務(wù)的崗位。此外，還可以對(duì)志愿者提出要求，志愿者應(yīng)該工作認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)、積極主動(dòng)，具有團(tuán)隊(duì)合作精神的，另外還需要溝通能力強(qiáng)，具有較好的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)和聽(tīng)力水平等。其他相關(guān)信息，可以提及會(huì)議時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，將怎樣安排志愿者等。

參考范文一：

　　Notice

　　Volunteers for the International Conference of Global Integration are wanted. Anyone who is in good command of English and experienced in cross-cultural communication are expected to take part in this activity. The major task for this position are as follows: to begin with, to propaganda the theme of globalization to people all over the world; in addition, to provide E-C interpretation service to those representatives of the international conference, aiming at facilitating the process of the meeting; at last, you should be strictly available according to the time schedule of the conference. Those who are interested in this post are cordially welcome!

　　Postgraduates’ Association

　　參考范文二：

　　Notice

　　The International Conference of Global Integration will be held on September 23 at China Institute of International Studies, and twenty volunteers are wanted among the students in our school。

　　The positions recruited include receptionist, conference guider, transportation guider and English interpreter, and the volunteers are requested to speak fluent English and are expected to be active, open-minded and conscientious. All the volunteers will be trained for 5 days before the conference and provided with free transportation and meal。

　　For those who are interested in taking part in the activity, please send your resume to the email address: [email protected] before September 1.

　　Postgraduates’ Association

　　參考范文三：

　　Announcement

　　Postgraduates’ Association is recently looking for Volunteers for the International Conference of Global Integration. Applicants should be currently studying at the university, and should preferably have the experience of being a part-time volunteer in several international events。

　　The successful applicant will be expected to propaganda the theme of globalization in the city and on campus. The position will commence at the end of May and will last through to the end of August. Fair pay for the position is available and will be based on your experience。

　　If you are interested, please send your resume to the following email: [email protected] before September 1st。

　　Postgraduates’ Association

　　52.大作文

　　Directions:

　　Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

　　1) describe the drawing briefly,

　　2) explain its intended meaning, and then

　　3) give your comments on the phenomenon。

　　You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20points)2010年考研英語(yǔ)一試題大作文配圖

　　審題謀篇：

　　本題為圖畫(huà)作文，圖片上是一個(gè)熱氣騰騰的火鍋，里面包括著諸如“儒學(xué)”，“解構(gòu)”，“人本”，“莎士比亞”，“功夫”等中西文化標(biāo)志詞。下面有一行注釋。在審題構(gòu)思時(shí)應(yīng)該注意：把握好這幅圖的象征寓意�；疱佒邪鞣N各樣的文化元素，代表了不同文化的和諧融合，民族的文化可以成為世界的，這一趨勢(shì)對(duì)人類(lèi)發(fā)展是有利的。由此可見(jiàn)，本次作文的主題是文化融合。

　　第二段：闡釋圖片含義。比較好在段首設(shè)置主題句，然后圍繞主題句展開(kāi)。本圖片中所顯示的文化交流反映了兩方面的情況，中國(guó)文化對(duì)世界文化的滲透，中國(guó)的騰飛無(wú)疑使中國(guó)文化這顆世界文化中的瑰寶更加耀眼。另一方面，中國(guó)文化也逐漸受到其他國(guó)家文化的影響。

　　第三段：對(duì)此現(xiàn)象做出評(píng)論。此評(píng)論部分可以提出建議，考慮背景及原因，或描述未來(lái)，預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)，也可以講世界文化融合、交流是時(shí)代的潮流，同時(shí)還要保持和振興各族文化。

　　參考范文：

　　The enlightening picture portrays that a hot pot, with numerous ingredients in it, includes such domestic and alien cultures as literature, moral values and performing arts. It seems that the hot pot tastes very delicious because of the rich nutrition of the multi-cultures。

　　Obviously, the picture characterizes the status quo of Chinese society in which Chinese and Western culture conflict with each other but also merge into a unique form to a certain degree. Since China has opened its door widely to the outside world, many people from different countries have been deeply fascinated by Chinese culture. They will accept and love the Chinese culture as a whole. In addition, Chinese culture should be well shared with foreign people, who have shown their enthusiasm towards China. Meanwhile, the Chinese people are also exposed to foreign cultures when more foreign people come to this oriental country. In this way people from various nations in the world will be able to acquire better understanding of each other and live peacefully in this world。

　　In my opinion, the culture of any nation is a kind of precious heritage, and belongs to the whole mankind. With economic globalization, the blending of different cultures has become inevitable trend of the time. No country is an isolated island, be it China or the western world. The clearer we grasp the current situation, the more it would be beneficial to the global villagers。

提綱包括兩點(diǎn)，一是描述圖片并解釋含義，二是對(duì)此現(xiàn)象作出評(píng)論。文章也可分為三段，第一段：描述圖畫(huà)，描述圖片中的各類(lèi)文化元素�？赡苡玫降脑~匯是literature,(文學(xué)) moral values(道德價(jià)值)performing arts(表演藝術(shù))等。