When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be―even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right―it can hardly be classed as Literature。

　　This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will。

　　Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river—and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “ Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms。”

　　This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?

　　19. This passage is mainly____。

　　[A]a survey of new approaches to art

　　[B]a review of Futurist poetry

　　[C]about merits of the Futurist movement

　　[D]about laws and requirements of literature

　　20. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to_____。

　　[A]determine its purposes

　　[B]ignore its flaws

　　[C]follow the new fashions

　　[D]accept the principles

　　21. Futurists claim that we must____。

　　[A]increase the production of literature

　　[B]use poetry to relieve modern stress

　　[C]develop new modes of expression

　　[D]avoid using adjectives and verbs

　　22. The author believes that Futurist poetry is____。

　　[A]based on reasonable principles

　　[B]new and acceptable to ordinary people

　　[C]indicative of basic change in human nature

　　[D]more of a transient phenomenon than literature

　　名師解析

　　19. This passage is mainly____.  本文中心思想是____。

　　[A]a survey of new approaches to art  對(duì)新的藝術(shù)理論的調(diào)查

　　[B]a review of Futurist poetry  對(duì)未來派詩歌的評(píng)論

　　[C]about merits of the Futurist movement  有關(guān)未來派運(yùn)動(dòng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

　　[D]about laws and requirements of literature  有關(guān)文學(xué)的規(guī)則和要求

　　【答案】 B

　　【考點(diǎn)】 文章主旨題。

　　【分析】 本文第一段提到“至于未來派詩歌，情況卻有點(diǎn)難，因?yàn)榧词钩姓J(rèn)未來派詩歌理論根據(jù)可能正確，無論它是怎樣的，也很難稱之為文學(xué)”。第二段提到“未來主義者聲稱，這種加速的生活需要一種新的表達(dá)方式。如果我們想解釋現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的壓力，就必須加快文學(xué)的速度”。第三段例舉了一個(gè)未來文學(xué)的例子，指出其難以接受。比較后一段仍然是對(duì)未來文學(xué)的批評(píng)。因此我們看出本文是一篇文學(xué)評(píng)論，而且是對(duì)未來文學(xué)的評(píng)論。只有選擇[B]。

　　20. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to_____。

　　當(dāng)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)新的文學(xué)理念時(shí)，人們應(yīng)該努力_____。

　　[A]determine its purposes  確定它的目標(biāo)

　　[B]ignore its flaws  忽視它的缺陷

　　[C]follow the new fashions  跟隨這個(gè)新的潮流

　　[D]accept the principles  接受原則

　　【答案】 A

　　【考點(diǎn)】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

　　【分析】 本題可以定位到第一段第一句“每當(dāng)一個(gè)新藝術(shù)思潮達(dá)到一定流行程度時(shí)，(在評(píng)價(jià)它之前)比較好先找出其倡導(dǎo)者的目的”。

　　21. Futurists claim that we must____。

　　未來主義者聲稱我們必須____。

　　[A]increase the production of literature  加大文學(xué)的產(chǎn)出

　　[B]use poetry to relieve modern stress  用詩歌來減輕現(xiàn)代的壓力

　　[C]develop new modes of expression  開發(fā)出新的表達(dá)方式

　　[D]avoid using adjectives and verbs  避免使用形容詞和動(dòng)詞

　　【答案】 C

　　【考點(diǎn)】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

　　【分析】 根據(jù)題干，我們無法定位到任何一段，只能通過具體的選項(xiàng)來做具體的判斷。[A]選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，文中并沒有提到要加大文學(xué)的產(chǎn)出，雖然文中提到“如果我們想解釋現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的壓力，就必須加快文學(xué)的速度�！钡�是這句話的意思不是要加大文學(xué)的產(chǎn)出，而是加快文學(xué)的節(jié)奏。[B]選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)槲闹性谔岬綁毫Φ臅r(shí)候，只是說“解釋”(interpret)壓力，而沒有說用詩歌來減輕現(xiàn)代的壓力。[D]選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，文中提到形容詞和動(dòng)詞的地方是第二段“我們必須大量使用基本詞匯，不受句號(hào)，修飾性形容詞及限定動(dòng)詞的限制”這一句。但是并沒有說避免使用形容詞和動(dòng)詞。[C]選項(xiàng)“開發(fā)出新的表達(dá)方式”這個(gè)說法合適，因?yàn)槲闹械诙�段提到“未來主義者聲稱，這種加速的生活需要一種新的表達(dá)方式”。

　　22. The author believes that Futurist poetry is_____.  作者相信未來派詩歌是_____。

　　[A]based on reasonable principles  根據(jù)合理的原則

　　[B]new and acceptable to ordinary people  對(duì)普通人而言是新的可接受的

　　[C]indicative of basic change in human nature  顯示出人性中基本的變化

　　[D]more of a transient phenomenon than literature 

　　與其說是文學(xué)不如說是一種暫時(shí)的現(xiàn)象

　　【答案】 D

　　【考點(diǎn)】 中心主旨題。

　　【分析】 在本文比較后一段，作者說“沒有一個(gè)善于思考的人會(huì)拒絕接受他們的首要主張，即情感生活的巨大變化要求表達(dá)方式也隨之變化。實(shí)際問題是：我們發(fā)生了根本的變化嗎？”這個(gè)問題實(shí)際上就已經(jīng)否定了未來主義者的首要主張，即他們對(duì)歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)的認(rèn)識(shí)是不正確的，所以其理論根據(jù)是站不住腳的。所以說未來派詩歌并沒有穩(wěn)定的理論基礎(chǔ)，只是一個(gè)暫時(shí)的現(xiàn)象。

　　難句解析：

　　1. When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal。

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句可以分為兩個(gè)部分，“for”為分界詞。在前半部分中“it”是形式主語，真正的主語是“to”引導(dǎo)的不定式短語，這個(gè)短語中又出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)賓語從句。“when”引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語從句，表示時(shí)間。后半句中“it”仍然是形式主語，“that”引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句�！癶owever”引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語從句。

　　2. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature。

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句是一個(gè)因果關(guān)系的并列句。前一個(gè)分句的主句是“the case is rather difficult”，其中“however”表示此句與上一句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；原因?yàn)椤癴or”之后的部分，其中破折號(hào)之間的部分是插入語，表示一種讓步，“on which it is based”是“the theory”的定語從句，“it”指代“Futurist poetry”。

　　3. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river—and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms�！�

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句“it”是形式主語，真正的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式“to read”及后面的賓語從句和“to find”及其后面的賓語從句�！皉ead”的賓語從句是“that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river”；“find”的賓語從句是“that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: ‘Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.’”。

　　全文翻譯：

　　當(dāng)一場新的藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)獲得某種流行時(shí)，比較好找出其倡導(dǎo)者的目標(biāo)是什么，因?yàn)闊o論他們的原則在今天看來是多么牽強(qiáng)和不合理，將來都有可能被認(rèn)為是正常的。至于未來派詩歌，情況卻有點(diǎn)難，因?yàn)榧词钩姓J(rèn)未來派詩歌理論根據(jù)可能正確，無論它是怎樣的，也很難稱之為文學(xué)。

　　長話短說，以下就是未來主義者說的話：一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，先前的生活一直在有條件地加快變化；如今，我們生活的世界喧囂、暴力、節(jié)奏很快。因此，我們的感覺、思想和情感都經(jīng)歷了相應(yīng)的變化。未來主義者聲稱，這種加速的生活需要一種新的表達(dá)方式。如果我們想解釋現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的壓力，就必須加快文學(xué)的速度。我們必須大量使用基本詞匯，不受句號(hào)，修飾性形容詞及限定動(dòng)詞的限制。我們必須造出模仿聲音的詞語而不是描繪聲音；我們必須在同一張紙上使用多種字體和不同顏色的墨水，任意縮短或加長詞語。

　　當(dāng)然他們對(duì)戰(zhàn)斗的描述也是混亂的。讓人心煩的一件事就是：在讀到一句描寫戰(zhàn)斗的詩行的注解時(shí)，該注解中說該詩描寫了一名土耳其軍官和一名保加利亞軍官在一座橋上發(fā)生了搏斗，結(jié)果雙雙從橋上掉進(jìn)河中——結(jié)果，詩把他們兩人落水的聲音和體重寫在了一起：“撲通！撲通！100公斤和85公斤�！�

　　盡管這符合未來派詩歌的規(guī)則和要求，卻幾乎不能被歸入文學(xué)之列。同樣的，沒有一個(gè)善于思考的人會(huì)拒絕接受他們的首要主張，即情感生活的巨大變化要求表達(dá)方式也隨之變化。實(shí)際問題是：我們發(fā)生了根本的變化嗎？