名詞性從句
　　【難句12】The console can determine how the controller is moving in space and what it is pointing at, and uses that information to control what is happening on screen. (The Economist Dec. 2, 2006)
　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】以逗號(hào)后and為切入點(diǎn)，得到主句部分的并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)The console can determine…, and uses that information to control…，uses與can determine一起作該句的謂語(yǔ)。其中determine的賓語(yǔ)也以and切入，得到how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句how the controller is moving in space和what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句what it is pointing at(how在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，what在從句中作賓語(yǔ));在use的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)to control…中，control的賓語(yǔ)使用了what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句what is happening on screen充當(dāng)，what在從句中作主語(yǔ)。
　　【參考譯文】游戲機(jī)能測(cè)出手柄的移動(dòng)軌跡，識(shí)別手柄指著屏幕上的什么東西，然后根據(jù)得到的信息控制屏幕上的游戲。
　　【難句13】If left unchanged, it appears that the time to cash in on digital sales via services like iTunes is starting to evaporate, especially if the music is set to start leaking into the public domain in the country where it was originally produced. (Business Week Feb. 5, 2007)
　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句主干為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，注意appear在這里是系動(dòng)詞用法。表語(yǔ)部分由that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句that the time…is starting to evaporate…充當(dāng)，不定式短語(yǔ)to cash in on digital sales via services like iTunes 作后置定語(yǔ)修飾the time。especially直到句末是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，使用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) if the music is set to…句末關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句where it was originally produced修飾先行詞the country，關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于in which。句首部分If left unchanged，我們可以理解為是分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作的條件狀語(yǔ)，注意這里使用了leave sth.+adj。用法。
　　【參考譯文】如果不改變，則通過(guò)諸如iTunes利用數(shù)字銷售賺錢(qián)的時(shí)代可能開(kāi)始消亡了，尤其是當(dāng)音樂(lè)在其比較初發(fā)表的國(guó)家已經(jīng)進(jìn)入公共領(lǐng)域時(shí)。
　　【難句14】If I ever had any doubts about how demanding a teacher’s job is, it would have disappeared for good when I spent some time recently in schools. (The Guardian Sep. 12, 2007)
　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，為主從復(fù)合句。it would have disappeared for good when I spent some time recently in schools為主句部分，其中包含一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when I spent some time recently in schools。If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，had any doubts about后的賓語(yǔ)由how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句how demanding a teacher’s job is充當(dāng)，how與形容詞demanding相連作從句的表語(yǔ)。注意整個(gè)句子使用了與過(guò)去相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句為if+had done，主句為would/could/should/might+have done的形式。
　　【參考譯文】如果說(shuō)我以前還曾懷疑教師的工作有多吃力，那么當(dāng)我比較近在學(xué)校中待了一段時(shí)間后，我永遠(yuǎn)改變了原來(lái)的想法。
　　【難句15】The teachers who took part in the program also told me of their worries that they might be force-feeding their pupils information rather than stimulating the discussion necessary to ensure they grasped the importance to them of what they were being taught. (The Guardian Sep. 12, 2007)
　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句成分復(fù)雜。主語(yǔ)The teachers 后跟who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句who took part in the program also told me of their worries…作修飾語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作主語(yǔ)。told后我們可以認(rèn)為是雙賓語(yǔ)(對(duì)象+內(nèi)容)，直接賓語(yǔ)部分their worries后跟that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句that they might be force�瞗eeding their pupils information rather than stimulating the discussion necessary to ensure…說(shuō)明worries的具體內(nèi)容。ensure后面的賓語(yǔ)是一個(gè)省略了引導(dǎo)詞that的賓語(yǔ)從句they grasped the importance to them of…，grasped的賓語(yǔ)the importance of…被不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to them分隔，of構(gòu)成的介賓短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)由what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句充當(dāng)，且從句使用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
　　【參考譯文】參與節(jié)目的老師們還告訴我，他們擔(dān)心自己可能是在向?qū)W生強(qiáng)行灌輸知識(shí)與信息，而不是激勵(lì)他們討論，以此保證他們能掌握他們所學(xué)知識(shí)的要領(lǐng)。
【難句16】The trouble with that approach is that consumers tend to prefer devices that require simply plugging them in, without complicated setups of wireless channels, security, and other features common to home networks. (Business Week Jan. 29, 2007)
　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句主干很清晰，是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。其中表語(yǔ)部分由that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句that consumers tend to prefer devices…充當(dāng)。device后是that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 that require simply plugging them in…,關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作主語(yǔ)。逗號(hào)后的介詞短語(yǔ) without complicated setups of wireless channels, security, and other features…作從句中的伴隨狀語(yǔ)(在翻譯時(shí)我們可以轉(zhuǎn)譯為定語(yǔ))，句末的形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)common to home networks后置作features的定語(yǔ)。
　　【參考譯文】這一方式的問(wèn)題在于，消費(fèi)者更喜歡不需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)立復(fù)雜的無(wú)線電頻道、安全保護(hù)以及家庭網(wǎng)絡(luò)所共有的其他特性，便可以簡(jiǎn)單插入的裝置。
　　【難句17】Davies says guidance must strike a balance between being flexible enough to take account of the differences between disciplines and providing enough detail to be of use. (The Guardian Oct. 3, 2007)
　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句不難，主句謂語(yǔ)says后是省略了that的賓語(yǔ)從句guidance must strike a balance between being flexible enough to take account of the differences between disciplines and providing enough detail to be of use。注意兩個(gè)between的使用。第一個(gè)between與后面的and 相連，構(gòu)成being flexible enough to…and providing enough detail to…結(jié)構(gòu)，第二個(gè)between后跟disciplines表示“各學(xué)科之間”，并且前后都使用了be enough to do的形式。
　　【參考譯文】戴維斯說(shuō)，指導(dǎo)規(guī)范必須在足夠靈活考慮各學(xué)科的不同點(diǎn)和提供充足的可操作的細(xì)節(jié)之間尋求一種平衡。
　　【難句18】In its 16 years of operation it has found the first convincing evidence for the existence of black holes, made observations supporting the theory that the universe’s expansion is accelerating and confirmed that dark matter exists. (The Economist Nov. 2, 2006)
　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】去掉句首介賓In its 16 years of operation作的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，以and為切入點(diǎn)，得到主句it has found…, made…and confirmed…其中made后的賓語(yǔ)中，包含現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)supporting the theory…作的伴隨狀語(yǔ)，在此伴隨狀語(yǔ)中，that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句that the universe’s expansion is accelerating解釋說(shuō)明theory的內(nèi)容;而confirmed后的賓語(yǔ)由that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句that dark matter exists充當(dāng)。
　　【參考譯文】在它運(yùn)行的16年中，首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了關(guān)于黑洞的令人信服的證據(jù)，很多觀測(cè)都支持宇宙加速膨脹的理論并確認(rèn)暗物質(zhì)的存在�！�