英語名詞從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句等。翻譯時大多數(shù)可譯成相對應(yīng)的漢語,但也還有一些其它處理方法。下面分別加以介紹:
一、主語從句
1.以what, whatever, whoever等代詞引導的主語從句一般可按原文順序翻譯,例如:
What he told me is only half-truth.
他告訴我的只是些半真半假的東西而己
2.以“it”作形式主語的主語從句
邏輯主語從句如提前譯出,有兩種情況:若強調(diào),“it”一般可譯出來;如不強調(diào),“it”可不譯出來。
It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.
他參不參加會議沒有多大關(guān)系。(不強調(diào))
It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.
在飛機墜毀之后,駕駛員竟然還能活著,這看來是不可想象的。(強調(diào))
邏輯主語從句不提前,“it”一般不需譯出。
It is suggested that the meeting should be canceled.
有人建議取消會議。
二、賓語從句
1.用that, what, how等引起的賓語從句漢譯時一般不須改變順序。
I told him that because of the last condition, I′d have to turn it down.
我告訴他,由于那比較后一個條件,我只得謝絕。
2.用“it”作形成賓語的句子,that賓語從句可按原文順序譯出,“it”可不譯。
I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o′clock in the morning.
我向他們講清楚了的,他們必須在上午十時前交卷。
三、表語從句
與賓語從句一樣,一般可按原文順序譯出:
His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.
他對新聞界的看法是,記者們不是支持他,就是反對他。
四、同位語從句
1. 同位語從句漢譯時不提前:
He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.
他表示希望再到中國來訪問。
2. 同位語從句提前譯出:
Yet, from the beginning, the fact that I was alive was ignored.
然而,從一開始,我仍然活著這個事實卻偏偏被忽視了。
3.用“即”或冒號、破折號引出同位語從句:
But considered realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.
但是現(xiàn)實地考慮一下,我們不得不正視這樣的事實:我們的前景并不妙。
4.單詞、短語作同位語的譯法:
1)說明身份,稱號的英語同位語往往放在專有名詞后面,漢譯時一般放在前面:
They silently surrounded Tom, a young soldier, in order to take him prisoner.
他們悄悄地包圍了一個年輕戰(zhàn)士湯姆,企圖俘虜他。
2)限制性同位語不須改變位置;
I have been to all the cinemas in this city, big or small.
這個城市的電影院我都到過,大的也罷,小的也罷。
We two like to go there.
我們兩個(都)想去�! �
結(jié)束
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