完型填空旨在測(cè)試考生運(yùn)用所學(xué)過的語法知識(shí)和詞匯以及通過上下文的邏輯關(guān)系等,進(jìn)行綜合填空的能力,要求考生既要有扎實(shí)的語法知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)和豐富的詞匯量,又要有較強(qiáng)的閱讀能力。
一、從上下文尋找信息詞
完型填空所選的文章都是具有邏輯關(guān)系、意義相聯(lián)的語篇,而詞語的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)、同義詞和反義詞的使用是重要的連句成篇的詞匯紐帶,因此,在行文中不可避免地會(huì)出現(xiàn)詞語的復(fù)現(xiàn)、前后同義詞、反義詞相互照應(yīng)等現(xiàn)象。
以1995年考題為例:
The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more __43__. The new experiments, such as those described for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations __45__ of non-REM sleep. (95)
43. A.subtle B.obvious C.mysterious D.doubtful
45. A.in the light B.by virtue C.with the exception D.for the purpose
分析:只要細(xì)心尋找即可發(fā)現(xiàn),文章開頭說的“the purpose of non-REM sleep”和結(jié)尾的“of non-REM sleep.”遙相呼應(yīng)。所以45填D.而在后文的fascinating就指示43應(yīng)填與其同義的詞,故43題選C,因?yàn)閮烧叨急硎尽吧衩氐�、為之著迷”的意思�?br />
二、從慣用搭配角度考慮
注意固定的搭配,包括動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配、動(dòng)詞與名詞的搭配以及形容詞與名詞的搭配等,同時(shí)要根據(jù)內(nèi)容選擇正確的短語。例如:
Here's a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself_____so much money.
A.for B.by C.to D.of
分析:表示“自取,隨便拿”這個(gè)意義的短語是help oneself to故答案為C.
三、從語法角度考慮
語法部分的測(cè)試是英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用的主要內(nèi)容之一。語法包括詞法和句法,詞法研究詞形的變化,如名詞的數(shù)、格,動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)等。句法研究句子結(jié)構(gòu),如句子的成份,語序以及句子的種類等。做完型題時(shí),應(yīng)首先以句子為單位,運(yùn)用所學(xué)的語法知識(shí)作出分析和判斷。例如:
They do not provide energy, __ do they construct or build any part of the body.
A.either B.so C.nor D.never
分析:本題考察有關(guān)倒裝的語法知識(shí),neither/nor否定詞+助動(dòng)詞,表示:也不…
四、從詞匯意義及用法考慮
做完型填空題時(shí),要注意詞義辯析的積累,包括區(qū)別同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、形近異義詞、同形異義詞。例如:
Successful safety programs may _45_greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program.
A.alter B.differ C.shift D.distinguish
五、從段落或句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系考慮
做完型填空,需要把握各段落、句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系,這樣才能加深對(duì)文章的全面理解,因此,應(yīng)熟記表達(dá)各種不同邏輯關(guān)系的連詞,這些邏輯關(guān)系詞主要包括:
表示列舉的連詞:first,second,third…;firstly,secondly,thirdly…;first,next,then…;in the first place,in the second place…;for one thing,for another thing…;to begin with,to conclude…
表示原因的連詞:because,since,as,now that…
表示結(jié)果的連詞:so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,as a result
表示讓步和轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞:however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,though,yet,in spite of,at any rate,in any case,whoever,whatever
表示對(duì)照的連詞:on the contrary,in contrast,by contrast,in comparison,by comparison,conversely
表示補(bǔ)充的連詞:also,further,furthermore,likewise,similarly,moreover,in addition,what''s more,too,either,neither,not…but…,not only…but also…
表示時(shí)間順序的連詞:when,while,as,after,before,since,until,as soon as,once
表示目的的連詞:that,so that,in order that,lest,for fear that
表示條件的連詞:if,suppose (that),supposing (that),unless,in case,so (as) long as,so far as,on condition (that),provided (that),providing (that)
例如:Getting enough vitamins is essential to life,although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people ____ believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. (96)
A.nevertheless B.therefore C.moreover D.meanwhile
六、從邏輯推理及常識(shí)等角度考慮
解答完型填空題時(shí),有時(shí)文章中提供的信息還不夠,還需要考生把符合常識(shí)的一些知識(shí)信息結(jié)合起來考慮,比較后選出符合常識(shí)的比較佳答案。因此,考生的知識(shí)范圍越廣,對(duì)文章的理解就越容易,整體上知道所選短文在說什么,那么局部上的每一個(gè)空填起來也會(huì)得心應(yīng)手。例如:
(Immediately)the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the___h(yuǎn)ospital.
A.animal B.biggest C.plant D.nearest
分析: 在這樣的緊急情況下,人們的第一個(gè)反應(yīng)是到比較近的醫(yī)院就醫(yī),因此答案為D.
七、排除法
如果不能很有把握地直接看出某一道題的答案,可以把排除法和詞匯、語法分析結(jié)合起來運(yùn)用,從而縮小選擇的范圍,提高答題準(zhǔn)確率。例如:
Specialists in history and economic, have ____ two things
A.manifested B.approved C.show D.speculated
分析:這段中提到的歷史及經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們要提出事實(shí)來支持自己的觀點(diǎn)。Manifest指表明,顯示,主語是某事或某物,例:the photograph manifested the truth of what she said.
approve指批準(zhǔn),贊同; speculate指思索,推測(cè),不及物動(dòng)詞,與on連用。從詞義和搭配上看,以上三個(gè)詞都不符合,所以排除。
結(jié)束
特別聲明:①凡本網(wǎng)注明稿件來源為"原創(chuàng)"的,轉(zhuǎn)載必須注明"稿件來源:育路網(wǎng)",違者將依法追究責(zé)任;
②部分稿件來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán),請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我們溝通解決。