The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. （61） The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought， which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists， Franz Boas Edward Sapir， were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. （62） We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished， as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century， however， who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from exotic language， were not always so grateful. （63） The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data Native American languages are indeed different， so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages. Sapir‘s pupil， Benjamin Lee Whorf， continued the study of American Indian languages. （64） Being interested in the relationship of language and thought， Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language， the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. （65） Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which， in its strongest form， states that language imprisons the mind， and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later， this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis， but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages ，Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism. 61、

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　　「正確答案」

　　希臘人認(rèn)為，語言結(jié)構(gòu)與思維過程之間存在著某種聯(lián)系。這一觀點(diǎn)在人們尚未認(rèn)識(shí)到語言的千差萬別以前就早已在歐洲扎下了根。

　　62、

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　　「正確答案」

　　我們之所有感激他們（兩位先驅(qū)），是因?yàn)樵诖酥���，這些（土著）語言中有一些已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在了，這是由于說這些語言的部族或是消亡了，或是被同化而喪失了自己的本族語言。

　　63、

　�。ū绢}分值：2分）

　　「正確答案」

　　這些新近被描述的語言與已經(jīng)得到充分研究的歐洲和東南亞地區(qū)的語言往往差別顯著，以至于有些學(xué)者甚至指責(zé)Boas和Sapir編造了材料。

　　64、

　�。ū绢}分值：2分）

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　　Whorf對語言與思維的關(guān)系很感興趣，逐漸形成了這樣的觀點(diǎn)：在一個(gè)社會(huì)中，語言的結(jié)構(gòu)決定習(xí)慣思維的結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　65、

　�。ū绢}分值：2分）

　　「正確答案」

　　Whorf進(jìn)而相信某種類似語言決定論的觀點(diǎn)，其極端說法是：語言禁錮思維，語言的語法結(jié)構(gòu)能對一個(gè)社會(huì)的文化產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。Section IV （共20分）Writing

　　66、Directions：

　　Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should 1） describe the drawing 2） interpret its meaning， and. 3） support your view with examples. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.（20 points）終點(diǎn)又是新起點(diǎn)