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怎樣提高高二英語(yǔ)的閱讀理解能力

2017-01-12 18:37:42 來(lái)源:學(xué)習(xí)啦

  高二的學(xué)習(xí)是一個(gè)重要階段,學(xué)好英語(yǔ)對(duì)每個(gè)學(xué)生都有重要的意義。在做英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題的時(shí)候,需要運(yùn)用哪些好方法呢?下面是育路小編收集整理的提高高二閱讀理解的方法以供大家學(xué)習(xí)參考。

  提高高二英語(yǔ)的閱讀理解能力的方法

  一、擴(kuò)大詞匯量

  任何一篇閱讀理解文章中都可能存在生詞、不熟悉的短語(yǔ)或成語(yǔ)。高考中規(guī)定生詞可達(dá)整個(gè)閱讀量的3%,這些是真正的名副其實(shí)的生詞,另外還有一些是“考綱”規(guī)定的 近兩千詞匯中的一些拼寫(xiě)較長(zhǎng),使用不太活躍的單詞以及一些根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法就能辯認(rèn)的似是而非的“生詞”。對(duì)大多數(shù)學(xué)生、特別是基礎(chǔ)較差的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),單詞不能正 確釋義是一個(gè)最普遍也是最基本的障礙。來(lái)自單詞和短語(yǔ)方面的障礙,可采取如下措施:

  1、不予理睬。

  2、根據(jù)英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法,確定 詞義。英語(yǔ)的構(gòu)詞法一般有派生、合成、轉(zhuǎn)化等三類,所以平時(shí)就要注意掌握各種前綴,后綴的含義和用法,熟悉各種跨類詞和多義詞,這樣就可解決那些似是而非 的“生詞”。

  3、根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)或上 下文猜測(cè)詞義。任何一篇文章,無(wú)論其內(nèi)容,還是其結(jié)構(gòu),都是一個(gè)完整的有機(jī)整體,每一個(gè)詞,每一句話都和其上下文存在某種必然的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系,透過(guò)這種邏 輯關(guān)系,我們就能猜測(cè)出其詞義。如“The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14”,根據(jù)并列連詞“and”的用法特點(diǎn)以及下文的“under the age of 14”,可猜測(cè)出“primary”是“小學(xué)的,初級(jí)的” 意思;又如“……everyone is expected to lead an orderly life according to rules laid down by the government,……”這里“laid down”根據(jù)上下文可猜出是 “制定”之意。

  另外,平 常多看英語(yǔ)文章,增強(qiáng)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)感,也能保證最大限度地猜準(zhǔn)詞義。

  二、把握句式結(jié)構(gòu)

  1、認(rèn)清句子成份,掌握各 種句子成份的句法功能。句子是由各種句子成份構(gòu)成的,而且有些句子成份對(duì)于句子來(lái)說(shuō)是必須的,句子所表達(dá)的主要意思基本上可通過(guò)它們來(lái)表達(dá),如主、謂、 賓,但是,一個(gè)句子的主、謂、賓成份還常帶有其他修飾成份,這些修飾成份或多或少地增加了句子的復(fù)雜程度,進(jìn)而對(duì)快速、準(zhǔn)確閱讀產(chǎn)生一定的影響。如“Japan on Monday welcomed remarks by US Defence Secretary Willam Perry that Washington would consider the demand for reducing the number of US troops on the southerm island of Okinawa”這句話較長(zhǎng),去掉修 飾成份后,只留下句子主干“Japan welcomed remarks that Washington would consider the demand。”這樣意思就明朗了, 然后根據(jù)句子成份的句法功能,補(bǔ)譯上修飾語(yǔ),整個(gè)句子所表達(dá)的詳細(xì)意思就清楚了�?傊朴诎演^長(zhǎng)的、復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)變簡(jiǎn)單,注意誰(shuí)是中心詞和修飾詞,有 助于抓關(guān)鍵和中心。

  2、搞清句子結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),認(rèn) 清各種句式句型

  英語(yǔ)作為一種語(yǔ)言,有它自己的特點(diǎn),有些句子成份的排列順序和漢語(yǔ)不一樣,如英語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)從句放在被修飾語(yǔ)之后,漢語(yǔ)的負(fù)遷 移作用會(huì)影響其閱讀 理解,另外英語(yǔ)中還有一些句子成份排列順序和漢語(yǔ)完全不同的句型結(jié)構(gòu),或英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言所特有的結(jié)構(gòu),如倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句等,或根據(jù)表達(dá)需要,如“The human nose has given to the lanuage of the word many interesting expressions”,“give”的用法本來(lái)是give sth to sb;又如“Word came that Napolean would come to inspect them”,that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句本應(yīng) 緊隨中心詞word之后,這些都是根據(jù)表 達(dá)需要改變句式結(jié)構(gòu)的例子。

  三、注意篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

  任何一篇文章的寫(xiě)作思路都應(yīng)符合人們思維普遍遵循的規(guī)律,先說(shuō)什么,后說(shuō)什么,用什么方式,都應(yīng)始終圍繞一個(gè)中心,或敘述、 說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí),或表達(dá)、支持一種觀點(diǎn),同時(shí)提供相應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵細(xì)節(jié)和有力證據(jù)。所以閱讀時(shí),通過(guò)有意識(shí)地引導(dǎo)學(xué)生找關(guān)鍵詞,中心詞,主題句,主題段,支持句(support sentence)等,就可抓住文章主旨 大意及深層含義,并準(zhǔn)確、快速解題。主題句一般在 主題段段首提出,但也可在段落中間和段落末尾提出,而主題段大多也是在文章第一段提出,找出了主題句和主題段,進(jìn)而便可尋找說(shuō)明他們的具體事實(shí)和論據(jù)。平 時(shí),應(yīng)根據(jù)不同的題材和體裁訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的閱讀方法和技巧,讓他們熟悉敘述、說(shuō)明、議論等各自的特點(diǎn),這樣學(xué)生就能通過(guò)從整體上把握文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),進(jìn)而 了解文章的主旨大意和深層含義。

  高二英語(yǔ)的閱讀理解原文

  Every January, Breckenridge hosts the International Snow Sculpture Championships. Fourteen teams travel from all over the world to Switzerland to compete. Teams sculpt for sixty-five hours over five days. Each team hopes that when the time is up, its sculpture will be judged the best.

  As the championship begins, the fourteen teams are faced with huge blocks of snow that weigh twenty tons each. The sculptors bring out their favorite tools that work best on the hard iced snow, but they are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity.

  Most teams are inspired by what they have seen in daily life. For example, one team carved a teapot with tea pouring out. Another team sculpted a little cat on its hind feet(后腳)reaching into a fish bowl complete with water ripples(漣漪) and a crab(螃蟹) trying to attack the cat. In 2006, Team USA sculpted a golden dog looking at its image reflected in a mirror. To create the effect that the little dog saw its reflection in the glass, the artists carved two dogs facing each other with their paws(腳爪)touching.

  As the final hours of the competition tick by, exhausted team members add last-minute detail. They use small brooms to brush off snow caught in tiny holes. One team member counts down the last five minutes while others are busy cleaning up the tools. If they leave any tools behind, they will be out. When the whistle bows, everyone must step away from the sculpture. The judges then vote on creativity, technical skills, and visual impact (視覺(jué)效果)of the designs.

  In 200, Team USA took first place for their golden dog sculpture titled "Discovery". But the competition is not just about medals and ribbons. "It's not about the prize," said Rob Neyland, Team USA's captain. "It's about touching the audience. "

  Every year, as the championship ends, each team is already dreaming of the next masterpiece it will design. (335)

  高二英語(yǔ)的閱讀理解題目:

  73. What kind of tools are the sculptors Not permitted to use? (回答詞數(shù)不超過(guò)6個(gè))

  74. What gives the sculptors ideas for their creative work? (回答詞數(shù)不超過(guò)9個(gè))

  75. Why did Team USA win the competition in 2006? (回答詞數(shù)不超過(guò)15個(gè))

  高二英語(yǔ)的閱讀理解答案:

  73. The tools that use electricity.

  74. The things they have seen in daily life.

  75. Because its sculpture was judged the best for creativity, technical skills and visual impact.

  (責(zé)任編輯:彭海芝)

  特別說(shuō)明:由于各省份高考政策等信息的不斷調(diào)整與變化,育路高考網(wǎng)所提供的所有考試信息僅供考生及家長(zhǎng)參考,敬請(qǐng)考生及家長(zhǎng)以權(quán)威部門公布的正式信息為準(zhǔn)。

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