高二必修3英語Unit5知識點:Canada the true north
世界上60%以上的信件是用英語書寫的,上兩個世紀英國和美國在文化、經(jīng)濟、軍事、政治和科學上的領先地位使得英語成為一種準國際語言。育路小編準備了高二必修3英語Unit5知識點,具體請看以下內(nèi)容。
I. Words
1. trip: (通常指短途的)行走, 旅行 (尤指娛樂性的) 拓展:be/go on a trip to… make/take a trip to…
2. chat vi.&n. 聊天;閑聊
拓展:chat to/with sb (about sth) = have a chat with sb (about sth) 與某人聊天、閑談……
1) What were you chatting to him about? 你和他聊了些什麼?
2) I had a long chat with her (about her job).(關於她的工作)我和她聊了很久。
3. eastward adv. 向東 adj. 向東的;朝東的 也作 eastwards,副詞,意為“向東”。
1) They were traveling eastward(s) to the city which appeared in their dreams.
他們朝著東邊向夢想中的城市進發(fā)。
2) The plane flied in an eastward direction. 飛機向東邊飛去。
拓展:backward(s)向后 upward(s)向上 westward(s) adj./adv. 向西的,向西地
southward(s) adj./adv. 向南的,向南地 northward(s) adj./adv. 向北的,向北地
4. surround vt.&vi. 圍繞; 包圍
拓展:surrounding adj. 周圍的 surroundings n. (常用復數(shù)) 周圍的事物; 環(huán)境
be surrounded by / with 被……環(huán)繞著 surround ...with ... 使……包圍
1) The house was surrounded by high walls.房子的四周有高墻。
2) We are living in pleasant surroundings. 我們生活在舒適的環(huán)境中。
3) As a child,I was surrounded by love and kindness.幼年時我備受關愛。
4) After being surrounded by the police for several days,the robber had to give in.
被警察包圍幾日后,搶匪不得不投降。
5) From the top of the hill you can see all the surrounding countryside.
從山頂上你可以看到周圍的山村。
6) I came to realize that the key to success lay in trying to surround myself with creative
people.
我逐漸意識到成功的關鍵在于我應該盡量結(jié)交有創(chuàng)造性的人。
5. measure vt.& vi.測量;衡量;判定; n. 措施; 辦法; 量度; 尺寸
拓展:be measured in 以……衡量 make…to one’s measure 按照…尺寸做
take one’s measure / take the measure of sb給某人量尺寸
take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事 measure A by B 用B衡量A
1) You can’t measure someone by the clothes they wear.
你不能以衣著衡量一個人。
2) You should take effective measures to improve your working conditions.
你們應采取有效措施來改善你們的工作條件。
3) In the old days,my mother always made new clothes to my own measure with Spring
Festival coming.
過去,媽媽在春節(jié)來臨時總是為我量身做新衣服。
6. within: adv. 在里面, 內(nèi)部, 入內(nèi)
prep. 在……里面, 在……內(nèi)部,在……范圍以內(nèi), 不超過
拓展:within sight在視線之內(nèi) within one’s reach在某人夠得著的范圍 within one’s power在某人的能力范圍之內(nèi)
within與in表達時間的區(qū)別:
within指在時間或距離范圍之內(nèi),表示“在這一范圍內(nèi)”,“不到”或“不超過”,常和一般將來時,一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時連用
in 是經(jīng)過若干時間,指期限之外,表示“過多少時間”時,通常和一般將來時連用
I’ll be there within an hour. (一小時之內(nèi))
I’ll be there in an hour. (一小時之后)
7. border
n. 邊界; 國界 She crossed the border in disguise.她偽裝過了邊境。
v. 與…接壤,接近 France borders Germany along parts of the Rhine.
法國沿萊茵河部分河段與德國接壤。
8. slightly adv. 輕微地;脆弱地;瘦小地
slight adj. 輕微的, 脆弱的, 瘦小的 slightness n輕微, 微小的事情
1) I just knew the man slightly. 我只是認識這個人, 但不熟。
2) There is just slightly too much salt in the soup. 湯里的鹽稍微放多了點。
3) He had a slight fever. 他稍微有點發(fā)燒。
9. mix vt.&vi. 混合;調(diào)配
mixture n.[U,C] 混合(物);混合狀態(tài)
拓展:mix A and/with B 把A與B混合起來
mix sth. up 把某物拌和;混淆某物 mix sth. in/into把某物摻進去
be/get mixed up with sth./sb. 與某事有關;與某人混在一起
1) The chemist mixed (up) some medicine for me. 藥劑師給我配了些藥。
2) 油和水不能混合。 Oil and water don’t mix. Oil won’t mix with water.
II. Phrases
1. rather than
表示客觀事實,意為“是……而不是……; 與其……不如……”。它連接的并
列成分可以是名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞 (短語)、動名詞、分句、不定式、動詞等。
1) 連接兩個名詞或代詞
He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 與其說他是一個海員, 不如說他是一個探險者。 You rather than I are going to go camping.是你而不是我要去要野營。
注意: rather than 連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時, 謂語動詞應與rather than 前面的名詞或代
詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。
2) 連接兩個形容詞
The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap.
與其說她買的這件羊毛衫便宜不如說它漂亮。
3) 連接兩個介詞(短語)或動名詞 :
We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.
我們是在教室里開會,不是在大廳里。
She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜歡唱歌,而不喜歡跳舞。
4) 連接兩個分句 : We should help him rather than he should help us.
5) 連接兩個不定式 :I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.我決定寫信而不打電話。
注意: rather than 后接不定式時, 不定式可以帶to, 也可以不帶to, 如上句。但 rather than位于句首時, 則只能接不帶to 的不定式。如:
Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.
他唯恐蔬菜爛掉, 把它們以半價賣掉了。
6) 連接兩個動詞:He ran rather than walked. 他是跑來的,而不是走來的。
注意: 這里rather than 后用了walked, 而沒有用walk, 表示客觀事實, 而不是主觀愿望。 如果換成 walk, 則作“寧愿……而不愿 ……”解。
拓展:would rather do A than do B = would do A rather than do B 寧可做A而不做B
prefer to do A rather than do B 最喜歡做A而不做B
or rather更確切地說 other than除……外
would rather sb. did/had done sth. 寧愿某人做某事
2. settle down 定居;平靜下來;專心于
1) Wait until the children settle down before you start the lesson.
你等學生都靜下心來再開始上課。
2) I’m glad to learn that you’ve settled down in Beijing. 得知你定居北京,我很高興。
3) With so much noise around,I couldn’t settle down to my work.
周圍有那么多噪音,我不能靜下心來專心工作。
拓展:settle an old score清算舊帳 settle for sth. 勉強接受
settle in/into sth. 適應 settle on sth. 選定, 決定
settle down to doing sth. 使……安下心來做某事
settle (down) in ... 在……定居下來
settle a dispute/an argument/an issue解決爭端/爭論/問題
3. manage to do sth 設法做
拓展:manage to do sth.= succeed in doing sth. 設法做成某些困難的事
attempt to do sth.=try to do sth. = seek to do sth. 設法做某事(不一定做成)
1) In spite of these insults, she managed not to get angry.
她盡管受到這些侮辱,還是忍著沒發(fā)火。
2) Though we left home very late,we managed to catch the last bus.
盡管我們出門很晚,但我們趕上了末班車。
4. catch sight of看見;瞥見
拓展:lose sight of 看不見 keep sight of 使能看得到;保持看得到的距離
at (the) sight of初次見到時;乍看上去 have good/poor sight/eyesight 視力好/差
in/within sight 可以看見;在視線內(nèi) out of sight 看不見;在視線外 1) She said that she caught sight of me in the crowd. 她說她在人群中一下子就看見了我。
2) Suddenly they got separated, and then lost sight of each other.突然,他們分開了,看不見彼此。
3) At first sight their demands seemed reasonable. 乍看起來,他們的要求似乎滿合理的。
5. have a gift for... 在……方面有天分/天賦 拓展:gift 特指與生俱來的天份或才能, 如繪畫、音樂等。
have a gift for (doing) sth.= have the gift to do sth. 對……有天賦;有做某事的才能
a man of excellent gifts一個非常有才華的人
a gifted/talented person 一個有天賦的、有才華的人
1) He has a gift for music. 他有音樂天才。
2) You have the gift/talent to learn foreign languages. 你有學外語的天賦。
3) Her gift for dancing amazed the teacher. 老師對她舞蹈的天份大感驚奇。
III. Sentences 1. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 meters.
那里空氣濕潤,因而樹木長得相當高,有的超過90米。
1) so...that… 如此……以致于……,后跟結(jié)果狀語從句,常用too… to…來變?yōu)楹唵尉�,如�?She was so angry that she couldn’t say a word. = She was too angry to say a word.
她太氣憤以致于說不出話來。
辨析:so...that與such...that
so...that與such...that意思一致,that均引導結(jié)果狀從句,但是so為副詞,such為形容詞,所以二者所接詞不一樣的。
�、� so +adj. / adv. + that從句或so +adj. + a(n) + 單名+ that從句
She is so good a teacher that we all love her. 她是一位如此好老師以致于我們都愛她。 ② such + adj. + 復名 + that從句或such + a(n) + 單名+ that從句
She is such a good teacher that we all love her. 她是一位如此好老師以致于我們都愛她。 提示:在so十much/many/little/few + n. +that從句結(jié)構(gòu)中,little當“少”講,接在so
之后,但當little當“小”講時,應接在such之后。如:
They are such little children that they can’t look after themselves.
他們是那么小的孩子還不能自理。
2) some measuring over 90 meters為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作伴隨狀語�?杀硎緯r間、原因、條件、行為、方式或伴隨情況。其構(gòu)成:名詞(代詞) + 現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語。如:
(1) 作時間狀語
The meeting over,we all went home happily. 會議結(jié)束了,我們都高興地回家了。
(2) 作原因狀語 My watch having been lost, I didn’t know what time it was.
我的手表丟了,所以我不知道現(xiàn)在什么時間。
(3) 作條件狀語Time permitting,we’ll have a dictation. 如果時間允許,我們就聽寫。
(4) 描述伴隨行為或補充說明
He lay on his back,his eyes looking straight upward. 他躺在那兒,眼睛直盯著前方。
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