高二英語語法專練（含答案解析）
Ⅰ.單項填空
1.(2009年高考福建卷)________ not to miss the flight at 15∶20，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
A.Reminding B.Reminded
C.To remind D.Having reminded
解析：選B.句意：有人提醒經(jīng)理不要錯過15∶20的航班，他匆忙出發(fā)去了機場。本題考查非謂語動詞作狀語。主句主語the manager與remind之間的關(guān)系為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故排除A、C、D三項，因為這三項表主動，而只有B項表被動。
2.(2010年高考湖南卷)Dina,________ for months to find a job as a waitress,finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A.struggling B.struggled
C.having struggled D.to struggle
解析：選C.此處分詞短語作時間狀語，其邏輯主語Dina與struggle為主動關(guān)系，故排除B項。由句中的finally可知非謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生在句中謂語took a position之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成主動式。
3.(2009年高考江西卷)________ the right kind of training,these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
A.Giving B.Having given
C.To give D.Given
解析：選D.考查非謂語動詞。如果把句子補充完整應(yīng)該是：If they are given the right kind of training,可知主語they即these teenage soccer players與give之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞。而A、B、C三項都不表示被動含義。
4.(2009年高考四川卷)________ many times,he finally understood it.
A.Told B.Telling
C.Having told D.Having been told
解析：選D.考查非謂語動詞。tell與主語之間的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系，故排除表示主動意義的B項和C項。由狀語many times可知tell這一動作在謂語動詞understand之前發(fā)生過多次，所以用having been done來表示被動和完成。
5.(2009年高考天津卷)________ by the advances in technology,many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
A.Being encouraged B.Encouraging
C.Encouraged D.Having encouraged
解析：選C.考查非謂語動詞。由于主語many farmers和作狀語的encourage之間是被動關(guān)系，排除表示主動意義的B項和D項。而being encouraged除表示被動外，還表示進行。農(nóng)民們顯然不是正在受到科技進步的鼓舞，故排除A項。
6.(2011年汕頭高二檢測)________ in 1636，Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A.Being founded B.It was founded
C.Founded D.Founding
解析：選C.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知應(yīng)選考查非謂語動詞形式作狀語的，排除B項，另外found與Harvard之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞形式作狀語，故選C.
7.(2011年晉中高二檢測)________ as the "First Lady of Speech"，Dr Lillian Glass is recognized as one of the world’s leading experts on communication skills.
A.Knowing B.Having known
C.Known D.To be known
解析：選C. be known as被稱為……。Dr Lillian Glass與know之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞形式作狀語。A、B表主動，應(yīng)排除;D項表將來，也可排除。
8.________ more attention,the trees could have grown better.
A.Given B.To give
C.Giving D.Having given
解析：選A.考查分詞作狀語。句子主語the trees與give之間是被動關(guān)系，而四個選項中只有A項表示被動意義，故答案選A.Given more attention相當于一個條件狀語從句If the trees were given more attention.
9.________ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A.Losing B.Having lost
C.Lost D.To lose
解析：選C.考查分詞作狀語。句意：由于陷入沉思，他差一點撞到前面的車上。be lost in thought為固定搭配，意為“陷入沉思”。過去分詞短語lost in thought在句中作原因狀語。
10.The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.
A.begins B.having begun
C.beginning D.begunw
解析：選D.考查分詞作狀語。句意：這項調(diào)查研究事先計劃的如此完好，以至于一旦開始，什么也無法改變它。begin與research之間是被動關(guān)系，排除表示主動意義的A、B、C三項。once begun在句中作條件狀語，它是狀語從句once it is begun的省略形式。
11.Generally speaking,________ according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.
A.when taking B.when taken
C.when to take D.when to be taken
解析：選B.考查分詞作狀語。完整的說法應(yīng)是when the drug is taken according to the directions……。由于主句的主語和從句的主語相同，因此可以省略從句的主語the drug和謂語的一部分is,故答案為B.
12.________ into use in April,2000，the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.
A.Put B.Putting
C.Having put D.Being put
解析：選A.考查過去分詞作狀語。句子的主語是the hotline與put into use“投入使用”存在被動關(guān)系，排除表示主動的B項和C項。D項表示正在投入使用，不符合語境。
13.In order not to be found,I spent the whole night ________ in my room.
A.locking B.locked
C.to lock D.lock
解析：選B.考查過去分詞作狀語。句意：為了不被找到，我整晚上都把自己鎖在自己的房間里。lock的邏輯主語I和lock之間存在被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作伴隨狀語。本題易受“spend…… doing sth.句型的影響，易誤選A.其實我并不是把整晚上的時間都用在了“鎖”這一動作上，故排除A.
14.________，liquids can be changed into gases.
A.Heating B.To be heated
C.Heated D.Heat
解析：選C.考查過去分詞作狀語。句意：被加熱時，液體可以變成氣體。由于對于液體來說是加熱的承受者，是被動的，因而選C.A項表示主動，B項表示目的，D項是謂語動詞的形式。
15.Unless ________ to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.
A.invited B.inviting
C.being invited D.having invited
解析：選A.考查過去分詞作狀語。句意：除非受到邀請講話，否則在大會上你應(yīng)該保持沉默。invite與you之間是被動關(guān)系，排除B、D.being invited表示正在受到邀請，不符合語境。
�、�.句型轉(zhuǎn)換(把下列句子轉(zhuǎn)變成過去分詞作狀語的結(jié)構(gòu))
1.If I am offered great help,I can get rid of all the difficulties.
________ ________ ________，I can get rid of all the difficulties.
答案：Offered great help
2.Because she was frightened,she asked me to go with her.
________，she asked me to go with her.
答案：Frightened
3.If he is given time,he’ll make a first?class tennis player.________________，he’ll make a first?class tennis player.
答案：Given time
4.He stood there silently,and he was moved to tears.
He stood there silently,________________________.
答案：moved to tears
5.When they were first introduced to the market,these products enjoyed great success.
When first ________________________________，these products enjoyed great success.
答案：introduced to the market
高二英語語法解析：狀語從句
一、時間狀語從句
表示時間的狀語從句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until)， since, once, as soon as (或the moment )， by the time, no sooner …… than, hardly (scarcely) …… when, every time等引導(dǎo)。
e.g. When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.
He started as soon as he received the news.
Once you see him, you will never forget him.
No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.
二、原因狀語從句
原因狀語從句是表示原因或理由的，引導(dǎo)這類從句的最常用的連詞是because, since, as ， now that(既然)等，for 表示因果關(guān)系時(它引導(dǎo)的不是從句)為并列連詞，語氣不如because強。
e.g. He is disappointed because he didn‘t get the position.
As it is raining, I will not go out.
Now that you mention it, I do remember.
三、地點狀語從句
引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句的連詞是where 和wherever等。
e.g. Sit wherever you like.
Make a mark where you have a question.
四、目的狀語從句
引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句最常用的詞(組)是so, so that(從句謂語常有情態(tài)動詞)， in order that, in case(以防，以免)等。
e.g. Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.
She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.
He left early in case he should miss the train.
五、結(jié)果狀語從句
結(jié)果狀語從句是表示事態(tài)結(jié)果的從句，通常主句是原因，從句是結(jié)果。由so that(從句謂語一般沒有情態(tài)動詞)， so …… that, such …… that等引導(dǎo)。
e.g. She was ill, so that she didn’t attend the meeting.
He was so excited that he could not say a word.
She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.
六、條件狀語從句
條件狀語從句分真實性(有可能實現(xiàn)的事情)與非真實性(條件與事實相反或者在說話者看來不大可能實現(xiàn)的事情)條件句。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的詞(組)主要有if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。注意：條件從句中的if 不能用whether替換。
e.g. If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.
You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.
So far as I know(據(jù)我所知)， he will be away for three months.
You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you don‘t go too far away from the river bank.
If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.
七、讓步狀語從句
讓步狀語從句可由although, though, as, even if (though)， however, whatever, whether …… or, no matter who (when, what, ……) 等引導(dǎo)。注意：as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句一般是倒裝的。
e.g. Though he is a child, he knows a lot.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, I’ll never change my mind.
八、方式狀語從句
方式狀語從句常由as, as if (though)， the way, rather than等引導(dǎo)。
e.g. You must do the exercise as I show you.
He acted as if nothing had happened.
高二英語語法解析：名詞性從句
一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞
1. 連接代詞：who, whose, whom, what, which.有詞義，在從句中擔任成分，如主語、表語、賓語、或定語等。
2. 連接副詞：when, where, why, how.有詞義，在從句中擔任成分，作狀語。
3. 連接詞：that, whether, if, as if.that 無詞義，在從句中不擔任成分，有時可省略;if (whether)， as if雖有詞義，但在從句中不擔任成分。
注意：連接代詞與連接副詞在句中不再是疑問句，因而從句中謂語不用疑問式。連接代詞與連接副詞在從句充當句子成分，連接詞whether 和if(是否)，as if(好像)在從句中不充當句子成分，只起連接作用。根據(jù)句義，如果連接代詞與連接副詞，whether、if 和as if都用不上時，才用that作連接詞(that本身無任何含義)。
二、主語從句
1. 主語從句在復(fù)合句作主語。
e.g. Who will go is not important.
2. 用it作形式主語，主語從句放在句末。
e.g. It doesn‘t matter so much whether you will come or not.
3. that引導(dǎo)主語從句時，不能省略。
e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.
三、表語從句
1. 表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語，位于系動詞之后。
e.g. The question was who could go there.
2. 引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞that有時可省去。
e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.
四、賓語從句
1. 賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that一般可省略。
e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.
2. 介詞之后的賓語從句，不可用which或if連接，要分別用what或 whether.
e.g. I’m interested in whether you‘ve finished the work……
I’m interested in what you‘ve said.
3. whether與if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，�？苫Q。但下面情況不能互換。
(1)賓語從句是否定句時，只用if,不用whether.
e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain.
(2)用if 會引起誤解，就要用whether.
e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.(此句如果把whether改成if,容易當成條件句理解)
(3)賓語從句中的whether 與or not直接連用，就不能換成if;不直接連用，可換。
e.g. I don‘t know whether or not the report is true.
I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.
(4)介詞后的賓語從句要用whether引導(dǎo)。whether 可與不定式連用。whether也可引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句，還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，以上均不能換成if.但引導(dǎo)條件從句時，只能用if,而不能用whether.
e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time.
They don‘t know whether to go there.
Please come to see me if you have time.
五、同位語從句
同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語，一般位于該名詞(如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之后，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。
e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
高二英語語法解析：同位語從句
1.定義：用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句。
2.用法：同位語從句的先行詞多為fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，關(guān)聯(lián)詞多用從屬連詞that.如：
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
對你生病這件事，他們都很焦慮。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come?
你在哪兒聽說我不能來?
Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.
德國已對俄國宣戰(zhàn)的消息一大早就傳來了。
注：同位語從句偶爾由從屬連詞whether引導(dǎo)。如：
I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 我不知道他是否來。
連接代詞who, which, what和連接副詞where, when, why, how亦可引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.
誰該干這項工作，這個問題需要考慮。
We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
到哪兒去度暑假，這個問題我們還沒有決定。
It is a question how he did it.
那是一個他如何做了此事的問題。
解釋：
1.that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句之區(qū)別
that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句
that引導(dǎo)的定語從句
句法功能上
that只起連接從句的作用，無意義。在從句中不充當句子成分。不可省。
that替代先行詞在從句中不僅起連接作用，還充當一個句子成分。如在從句中作動詞的賓語時可省略。
如：The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位語從句，that不可省。)
李先生將是我們的新英語老師這個消息是真的。
The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定語從句，that在從句中作told的賓語，可省。)
他昨天告訴我的消息是真的。
2.一些表示“建議、命令、要求”的名詞后所跟的同位語從句中，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣should+動詞原形表示。should可省。如：
This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.
(責任編輯：彭海芝)
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