第五節(jié)  形容詞與副詞（4-1~5-2）

　　大綱要求：

　　形容詞與副詞掌握比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成及其用法。

　　一、形容詞在句子中的作用

　　1、形容詞在句子中可以作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語。

　　A good boy must behave himself. 好孩子應(yīng)當(dāng)行為規(guī)矩。（定語）

　　I like this red dress very much.（定語）

　　She is beautiful. （表語）

　　The patient is asleep. （表語）

　　Who has got the window open？ （賓語補(bǔ)足語）

　　Ive got everything ready for the class. （賓語補(bǔ)足語）

　　I said it would happen， and sure enough it did happen.（獨(dú)立成分）

　　2、大多數(shù)形容詞既可作定語又可作表語，但有少數(shù)形容詞只能作表語。

　　This is a red dress.    The dress is red.

　　alike， afraid， alone， asleep， awake， aware， alive， ashamed， unable， content.

　　二、副詞在句子中的作用

　　副詞在句子中主要作狀語，可以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，有時(shí)修飾整個(gè)句子。

　　Unfortunately， he wasnt at home when I came. （修飾整個(gè)句子）

　　Luckily， she wasnt injured in the accident.（修飾整個(gè)句子）

　　Her pronunciation is very good.（修飾形容詞）

　　I have been extremely busy these days.（修飾形容詞）

　　I can hardly agree with you.（修飾動(dòng)詞）

　　He works terribly （quite） hard. （修飾副詞）

　　三、形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成

　　1.單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞（如以y結(jié)尾的）在詞尾加-er ， -est.

　　如：small， smaller， smallest； great， greater， greatest； clever， cleverer， cleverest； quiet， quieter， quietest ； common， commoner， commonest； narrow， narrower， narrowest.

　　2、以e結(jié)尾的詞加-r ， -st .

　　如：larger， larger ， largest ； simple， simpler ， simplest ； polite， politer ， politest； brave， braver， bravest； fine， finer， finest.

　　3、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i 再加-er ， -est .

　　如：busy，busier， busiest； heavy，heavier， heaviest； happy，happier， happiest.

　　4、以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞，雙寫該輔音字母，再加-er， -est .（一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾；重讀閉音節(jié)）

　　如：big，bigger， biggest； thin，thinner， thinnest； hot，hotter， hottest.

　　雙音節(jié)詞，多音節(jié)詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)在詞前加more， most.

　　如：difficult， more difficult， most difficult， interesting， more interesting， most interesting； useful， more useful， most useful.

　　特殊的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)

　　四、形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)的用法

　　1、比較級(jí)常與than引導(dǎo)的狀語從句連用，表示與什么相比。

　　This room is bigger than any other one in the hotel.

　　為了避免重復(fù)，從句常用一些代詞。

　　比較必須是兩個(gè)相同的成分。

　　Everyday he arrives earlier than anyone else in the company.

　　Small oranges are usually sweeter than big ones.

　　It is better to be prepared than unprepared.

　　This is easier said than done.

　　She is taller than I（me）。

　　I meet with more difficulties than she does.

　　The girls in my class are more active than those in his class.

　　1、有than 就要考慮比較級(jí)。

　　2、比較的成分要完全一致。

　　2、“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”，表示“越來越…”。

　　My father walked faster and faster until I could no longer keep up with him .

　　keep up with  /跟上，趕上

　　no longer=not any longer

　　My father walked faster and faster until I couldnt keep up with him any longer.  （not 用來否定動(dòng)詞）

　　Our country is getting stronger and stronger.

　　Things are getting better and better every day.

　　Im getting more and more interested in arts.

　　get interested in  對(duì)……感興趣

　　3.“the +比較級(jí)…，the+比較級(jí)”，表示“越是…就越…”。

　　The more haste， the less speed. 欲速則不達(dá)。

　　The harder she works， the more progress she makes.

　　make progress  取得進(jìn)步

　　The more I study it， the more I like it.

　　Actually， the busier he is， the happier he feels.

　　The more preparation you do now， the less nervous youll be before the exam.

　　The sooner you start， the faster youll be finished.

　　五、形容詞和副詞最高級(jí)的用法

　　最高級(jí)的前面通常要加定冠詞，副詞最高級(jí)前面的定冠詞可以省略。最高級(jí)在使用時(shí)通常有一個(gè)短語或從句表示比較的范圍。

　　Of all the places Ive visited， I like Hangzhou best.

　　This is the worst movie Ive ever seen.

　　Beijing is one of the largest cities in the world.

　　For me， Tuesday is one of the busiest day in the week.

　　Among all the students， he runs （the） fastest.

　　比較級(jí)前面有時(shí)也加the ，表示兩者之間“較…的一個(gè)”。

　　Both of the two girls are beautiful， but I think the tall one is more beautiful of the two.

　　The five-year-old boy chose the more expensive of the two toys.

　　六、“as+原級(jí)+as”，“not as / so +原級(jí)+as”

　　“as+原級(jí)+as”，表示“和…一樣…”，  “not as / so +原級(jí)+as”表示“不及…”。

　　He is as good a swimmer as any of us.

　　注意 good 的位置

　　Hes as tall as I.

　　It is not as hot in Beijing as in Wuhan.

　　He does not smoke so heavily as his father.

　　French is just as difficult a language as English.

　　She is as good a cook as her mother.

　　I have never seen so beautiful a place as Hangzhou.

　　never 否定含義

　　類似的還有：hardly， little， few

　　“as+原級(jí)+as one can”和“as +原級(jí)+as possible”表示“盡可能地…”。

　　Come as soon as possible.

　　There is nothing we can do but wait as calmly as we can.

　　there is nothing…but… ， but后一定跟動(dòng)詞原形

　　“as+原級(jí)+as”可以用來表示倍數(shù)。

　　My new coat cost me four times as much as the old one.

　　先說倍數(shù)，然后在as+原級(jí)+as

　　cost 花費(fèi)，主語是物。spend， 主語是人。

　　It takes sb. some time to do sth.

　　spend in doing sth.

　　spend on sth.

　　This room is twice as large as that one.

　　This room is twice larger than that one.

　　七、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)和“as+原級(jí)+as”前面都可以有表示程度的狀語。

　　The sun is much bigger than the earth.

　　錯(cuò)誤：The sun is more bigger than the earth.

　　She is by far the cleverest girl in our class.

　　by far 到目前為止

　　Its becoming the third largest city in the country.

　　They have many more chemistry books than we.

　　There is much more water in this jar than that one.

　　They will come back a little earlier.

　　This time she ran a good deal faster.

　　Tom is six centimeters taller than John.

　　Of all the workers in the factory，  Alice is by far the most skilled.

　　重點(diǎn)掌握：

　　1、只能作表語的形容詞。

　　2、特殊形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。

　　3、比較級(jí)多用than，個(gè)別情況下用 of the two.比較時(shí)，前后成分一定一致。

　　4、the +比較級(jí)…，the+比較級(jí)

　　5、as+原級(jí)+as ， not as / so +原級(jí)+as

　　6、“as+原級(jí)+as”可以用來表示倍數(shù)。

　　He is almost as tall as his brother.

　　My father isnt as old as he looks.

　　This word is used less frequently in British English than in American English.

　　Spanish people usually speak more quickly than English people.

　　Winter is drawing near. Its getting colder and colder.

　　The more you practise writing， the better you will do it.

　　The more work we give our brains， the more work it is able to do.

　　典型例題：

　　1. We are not _______ to afford a car yet.

　　A. enough money            B. money enough

　　C. rich enough               D. enough rich

　　1、enough 作為形容詞放在可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前。

　　Have you got enough sandwiches for lunch？

　　Surely 15 minutes is enough time for you to have coffee.

　　2、enough 作為代詞。

　　Six bottles of wine will be enough.

　　I hope enough of you are prepared to help with the show.

　　3、enough 作為副詞，放在動(dòng)詞、形容詞和其他副詞的后面。

　　You dont practice enough at the piano.

　　Is the river deep enough for swimming （to swim in）？

　　She isnt good enough for the exam.

　　答案 C

　　2. “Its six oclock and your father is still at the office.”

　　“I know， who else would _______ he does？”

　　A. be as hard working as          B. as working harder than

　　C. do harder work than            D. work as hard as

　　as+原級(jí)+as

　　答案 D

　　3. “Ralph seems to like this country.”

　　“Yes， he is _______ here as he was at home.”

　　A. almost as happy         B. as happy almost

　　C. as almost happy         D. almost happy as

　　as+原級(jí)+as

　　almost （already）放在系動(dòng)詞be的后面，其他動(dòng)詞的前面。

　　答案　A

　　4. They say Mexico City is more populous than _______ in the world.

　　A. any city    　　　　　B. any other city

　　C. any else city    　   D. any rest city

　　populous 人口眾多的

　　單數(shù)一定要跟單數(shù)比。

　　答案 B

　　5. Most of the students have made _______ progress in their study of English than we first expected.

　　A. more great            B. more greater

　　C. far greater            D. far more greater

　　答案 C

　　6. General George Brown was older than _________ in his regiment （軍團(tuán)）。

　　A. any officer                   B. any other officer

　　C. any others officer          　D. any officer else

　　答案 B

　　7. The French seem far more interested in reading about Africa _______ about their nearest neighbors.

　　A. as        B. than             C. the same       D. so

　　more 為比較級(jí)，只能than

　　答案 B

　　8. It usually takes much _______ time to fly from one country to another than to travel by train.

　　A. more      B. less           C. little         D. least

　　有than，肯定是比較級(jí)。

　　答案 B

　　9. Frank plays _________ Alex.

　　A. a lot more better than         B. much more better than

　　C. a lot better than               D. much more well than

　　答案 C

　　10. Have you finished your homework？ This lesson is ________ than the last one.

　　A. more easier             B. more easy

　　C. very easier              D. much easier

　　答案 D

　　11. Young people regard Bob Dylan as _________ other musicians.

　　A. more better than          B. more superior than

　　C. superior to                 D. more perfect to

　　superior 沒有比較級(jí)。

　　superior to  優(yōu)于

　　答案 C

　　12. “Wont you have more meat？”

　　“No， thanks. Ive had ________ enough already.”

　　A. beyond                 B. more than

　　C. greater than           D. plenty of

　　more than happy（glad） to do sth. 高興做某事

　　I am more than happy to take you there in my car.

　　答案 B

　　13. Id like to leave my car near here. Wheres the ______， please？

　　A. nearest parking            B. next parking

　　C. nearest car parking        D. next car park

　　答案 A

　　14. The harder they worked， ____________.

　　A. they seemed to do less     B. the less they seemed to do

　　C. they were doing less        D. they did less

　　the +比較級(jí)…，the+比較級(jí)

　　答案 B

　　15. “Do you enjoy the new camera？”

　　“Yes， _______， the more skilled I become.”

　　A. as I take more pictures       B. the more pictures I take

　　C. as more pictures I take       D. the pictures I take more

　　the +比較級(jí)…，the+比較級(jí)

　　答案 B

　　16. The more we looked at the abstract painting， _______.

　　A. the less we liked it        B. we like it less

　　C. better we liked it          D. it looked better

　　the +比較級(jí)…，the+比較級(jí)

　　答案 A

　　17. The new large passenger jets have made the traffic problems at airports _______.

　　A. more bad than it was       B. the worse than before

　　C. worse than ever before     D. more bad than they were

　　make+名詞+形容詞  使……成為，變?yōu)?/p>

　　The news makes her happy.

　　His actions make him universally respected.

　　答案 C

　　18. Of the two lectures， the first was by far the _______.

　　A. good        B. better       C. best         D. worst

　　by far跟形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)連用時(shí)，放在這類詞的后面。

　　如果這類詞帶有冠詞，放前，放后都可以。

　　It is quicker by far to go by train.

　　She is the best by far. （She is by far the best.）

　　答案 B

　　19. Kansas is _________ states in Americas mid-west.

　　A. one of the flattest         B. the flattest

　　C. as flatter as                D. flattest of the

　　答案 A

　　20. On the day he was to give his speech， Paul was suffering from one of _______ colds he had ever had.

　　A. bad      B. worse         C. the worst      D. bad of all

　　答案 C

　　suffer from 遭受……罪

　　21. The steel output of this year will be bigger than _____ last year.

　　A. this of     B. the one      C. that of        D. those of

　　output 產(chǎn)量

　　指上文提到的用that或those.

　　答案 C

　　22. Japan has taken a more independent stand ________.

　　A. as it does before           B. as it did before

　　C. than it does a few years ago  D. than it did a few years ago

　　stand 立場

　　答案 D

　　23. Her English is very good. She can speak English better than _____ in her grade.

　　A. any one                   B. the one

　　C. anyone else               D. other student

　　other的用法：

　　1、other常跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)或單數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞連用。

　　Moral beauty ought to be ranked above all other beauty.

　　2、前面有the， this， that， some， any， each， every， no， none， one以及形容詞性物主代詞時(shí)，other可跟單數(shù)名詞連用。

　　Every member must bring one other person.

　　There must be some other reason for him refusing to help.

　　another的用法：another表示單數(shù)概念，后面接單數(shù)名詞或代詞one.

　　Dont say another word.

　　another也可跟前面有數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用。

　　He went back to work too soon，and was laid up for another three months.

　　one…the other…  一個(gè)…另一個(gè)…

　　one…another… （同組內(nèi)的兩個(gè)個(gè)體）

　　答案 C

　　24. The new model costs twice ________ last years .

　　A. more than    B. as much as      C. as many as    D. than

　　“as+原級(jí)+as”可以用來表示倍數(shù)。

　　The new model costs twice more than last years.

　　答案 B

　　25. This one isnt good. That one is _______ worse.

　　A. more      B. very      C. quite        D. even

　　quite后面只能跟原級(jí)。 This one is quite bad.

　　very的用法：

　　1、用于形容詞、副詞前，加強(qiáng)語氣。（非常，十分）

　　very quickly， very soon

　　2、用于形容詞最高級(jí)或own之前。（十足，完全）

　　the very best quality， six oclock at the very latest

　　3、very 表示正是…… Sitting in the very same seat.

　　答案 D

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