成人學(xué)位英語(yǔ)詞匯易混淆的125個(gè)詞保你去除煩惱
2008-11-10 16:33:40 來(lái)源:
1.able, capable, competent
able為常用詞,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知識(shí)與時(shí)間等,一般下效率無(wú)關(guān),用作定語(yǔ)表示能力超出平均水平。如:A cat is able to see in the dark. (貓?jiān)诤诎抵心芸匆姈|西。)
capable 指滿足一般要求的能力,可以是表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的,也可是潛在的,搭配是be capable of +doing。用作定語(yǔ),表示的能力沒(méi)有able表示的能力強(qiáng)。如:He is capable of running a mile in a minute. (他能在一分鐘內(nèi)跑完一英里。)He is a very capable doctor. (他是一位很好的大夫。)
competent 指“勝任”,“合格”,或受過(guò)專業(yè)技術(shù)等訓(xùn)練的,但不是超群的能力。如:A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. (醫(yī)生應(yīng)該能治多種病。)
2.aboard, abroad, board, broad
aboard 在船(或飛機(jī),車)上。如:I never went aboard a ship.
abroad 副詞,在國(guó)外或海外。如:He often goes abroad.
board 為動(dòng)詞,上(船,飛機(jī),車)。如:The passengers are boarding the plane now.
broad 為形容詞,寬廣的。如:He has very broad shoulders.
3.accept, receive
accept 接受,receive“接到”,“收到”。如:I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t accept it. (昨天我收到了一個(gè)請(qǐng)柬,但并沒(méi)有接受邀請(qǐng)。)
4.accident, incident, event
accident事故。如:a traffic accident (交通事故)
incident“附帶事件”,在政治上特指引起國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端或戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的事件,事變。
event “事件”,指特別重要的事件,通常是由以前的努力而產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,也指國(guó)家和社會(huì)的事件。
5. accomplish, complete, finish, achieve, attain
accomplish表成功,強(qiáng)調(diào)完成的結(jié)果而不是過(guò)程。如:Because of his hard word, things are accomplished. (由于他的努力,事情都已完成了。)
complete 表示積極的完成,更具體地指建筑、工程等的完成。如:Has he complete his novel yet? (他的小說(shuō)寫完了嗎?)
finish 最常用,后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式,表示在一個(gè)活動(dòng)的連續(xù)過(guò)程中完成了最后的一步或階段。如:I’ll finish the job alone. (我要獨(dú)自完成這項(xiàng)工作。)
achieve 完成,實(shí)現(xiàn),強(qiáng)調(diào)通過(guò)努力而達(dá)到目的。如:You will achieve success if you work hard.
Attain達(dá)到,實(shí)現(xiàn),常用于一般人的能力不易達(dá)到的目的。如:Greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goals.
6.accurate, correct, exact, precise
accurate準(zhǔn)確的,精確的。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火車站的鐘應(yīng)該是準(zhǔn)確的。)
correct“正確的”,指符合一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或準(zhǔn)則,含有“無(wú)錯(cuò)誤的”意味。它的反義詞是incorrect, wrong.
exact“精確的”,“恰好的”,比“大體上正確”更進(jìn)一步,表“絲毫不差”。它的反義詞是inexact。
precise強(qiáng)調(diào)“精確”,“精密”。
7.accuse, charge, sue
accuse 指責(zé),指控,常與of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of carelessness.
charge 常與with搭配。如:The police charged the driver with reckless driving.
sue 常與for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house.
8.achieve, acquire, require, inquire
achieve(成功地)完成,實(shí)現(xiàn)。如:He will never achieve anything unless he works harder. (如他不努力工作,將會(huì)一事無(wú)成。)
acquire取得,獲得,學(xué)到。如:acquire knowledge (獲得知識(shí))
inquire打聽,詢問(wèn)。如:inquire a person’s name(問(wèn)一個(gè)人的姓名)
require需要。如:We require more help. (我們需要更多的幫助。)
9.act, action, deed
act 用作名詞時(shí),與action, deed均可表“行為”,“舉動(dòng)”。Act指時(shí)間較短的個(gè)人行動(dòng)或行為,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。如:The farmer caught the boys in the act of stealing his apples. (農(nóng)夫在孩子們正偷他的蘋果時(shí)把他們抓住了。) action較正式,往往指不止包含一個(gè)步驟,且持續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的行為或行動(dòng),強(qiáng)調(diào)行為的過(guò)程。如:Actions are more important than words. (行動(dòng)比語(yǔ)言更重要。)
deed為正式用語(yǔ),多指?jìng)ゴ蟮�,顯著的,感人的行為。如:They thanked him for his good deeds. (他們感謝他做的好事。)
10.actual, true, real, genuine
actual 意為“實(shí)際的”,“現(xiàn)實(shí)的”,指所形容的事物在事實(shí)上已經(jīng)發(fā)生或存在,而不是僅在理論上可能發(fā)生或存在的。
true“真實(shí)的”,指與實(shí)際相符,而非虛假。
genuine “真的”,“非冒充的”,“貨真價(jià)實(shí)的”,強(qiáng)調(diào)正宗而非冒牌。
11.adequate, enough, sufficient
adequate 足夠的,指數(shù)量多,適合需要的數(shù)量。
enough足夠的,指數(shù)量多,足夠滿足某種目的或愿望。
sufficient同enough,�?苫Q使用。但sufficient指數(shù)量多,足夠滿足某種需要,在口語(yǔ)中常用enough,在書面語(yǔ)中常用sufficient,在不易肯定時(shí)多用enough。Enough可放在被修飾名詞后,且可作副詞,sufficient則不可這么用。
12.admit, confess
兩者都表“承認(rèn)”。
admit指大膽地承認(rèn)以前試圖不論或推諉的壞事。如:John has admitted to breaking the window. (約翰已承認(rèn)打破了窗玻璃。)
Confess常指承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤,罪行等。如:The thief confessed his crime to the police. (小偷向警察承認(rèn)了罪行。)
13.advice,advise
advice勸告(名詞)。如:I want to give you some advice.
advise勸告(動(dòng)詞)。如:What do you advise me to do?
14.adopt, adapt
adopt (1)收養(yǎng)。如:Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. (他們自己沒(méi)有孩子,所以決定收養(yǎng)一個(gè)小女孩。)(2)采納,采用,通過(guò)。如:He adopted our suggestion.(他采納了我們的建議。)
adopt與adapt詞形相近,后者的意思是“使適合”,“改編”等。
15.advance, proceed, progress
均可表“前進(jìn)”。
advance表向一個(gè)特定的目的地,在一定的時(shí)間或空間內(nèi)穩(wěn)定地向前運(yùn)動(dòng)。如:Napoleon’s army advanced on Moscow. (拿破侖的軍隊(duì)向莫斯科挺進(jìn)。)
proceed強(qiáng)調(diào)從一處向另一處的運(yùn)動(dòng),常表停頓后繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。如:They proceeded from London to Paris. (他們從倫敦往巴黎前進(jìn)。)
peogress 多表自然過(guò)程,指生長(zhǎng),發(fā)展等穩(wěn)定地或循環(huán)往復(fù)地前進(jìn)。如:The year is progressing, it will soon be summer. (光陰似箭,很快又是夏天了。)
16.advantage, benefit, profit
advantage 常指一種使某人處于比其他人相對(duì)有利的地位,機(jī)會(huì)或時(shí)機(jī)。如:He had the advantage of good education. (受過(guò)良好的教育對(duì)他十分有利。)
profit 多指報(bào)償或報(bào)償性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year? (你去年賺錢了嗎?)
benefit 指物質(zhì)利益或精神方面的好處。如:I get no personal benefit from the business.(我個(gè)人從這家企業(yè)中并不獲益。)
17.advise, convince, persuade
均可表“勸說(shuō)”。
advise表建議,規(guī)勸某人應(yīng)該做某事或如何做。如:He advised me to put my money in the bank. (他勸我把錢存入銀行。)
convince指向某人陳述事實(shí),運(yùn)用推理或邏輯證明使某人信服。如:We convinced Smith to go by train rather than plane. (我們說(shuō)服了史密斯乘火車而不乘飛機(jī)前往。)
persuade指用感情說(shuō)服某人去做某事。如:I persuaded him to go back to work. (我說(shuō)服他回去工作了。)
18.affect, effect
affect影響(動(dòng)詞)。如Smoking affects health.
effect效果,影響(名詞)。如:Government policy will not have any effect on us.
19.afford, provide, supply
都有“提供,供給”的意思。
afford一般只用于抽象事物。
provide 和supply意思相同,兩個(gè)詞都和with連用,構(gòu)成provide /supply somebody with something的結(jié)構(gòu)。20.agree, consent
agree 為常用詞。如:Do you agree to the condition? (你同意這個(gè)條件嗎?)
consent為正式用詞,多用于上下級(jí)的關(guān)系,表示同意別人的要求或請(qǐng)求。如:Did the king consent to your plan?(國(guó)王同意你的計(jì)劃嗎?)
21.aid, help, assist
用作動(dòng)詞均可表“幫助”。
aid為正式用詞,help最常用。
assist最正式,表示協(xié)助某人做某事,尤指在體力上或具體事務(wù)上幫助和扶持。如:She employed a woman to assist her with the housework. (她雇了一名婦女幫她做家務(wù)。)
22.alive, living, live
alive 指雖有死的可能,但仍活著,一般只作表語(yǔ)。
living可用于人或物,作定語(yǔ)時(shí)可前可后。
live只做前置定語(yǔ),用于動(dòng)物和個(gè)別事物前。
23.almost, nearly
一般說(shuō)來(lái),almost比nearly 表示的意思更接近“開始”、“完成” (目標(biāo))等。
在all, every, always 前,兩者都可用。如:He is almost (nearly) smoking. (他幾乎每天抽煙。)
almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing 連用,而nearly卻不能。如:Almost no one believed her. (幾乎沒(méi)人相信他。)
24.alone, lonely
alone只表“獨(dú)自”的客觀狀態(tài),沒(méi)有感情色彩,只作表語(yǔ);lonely表“孤獨(dú)”,:“寂寞”,能作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。如:When she is left alone, she feels lonely. (剩下她一人時(shí)她就感到寂寞。)
alone, only均可表“只有”,但alone須置于被修飾詞之后,only往往置于被修飾詞前。如:He alone (Only he) can remember the story. (只有他才能記起這段經(jīng)歷。)
25.already, all ready
already已經(jīng)(副詞)。如:The plane had already landed before we got to the airport.
all ready準(zhǔn)備好的(作表語(yǔ))。如:We were all ready to leave when the telephone rang.
26.alter, change
作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),兩者可通用。
作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),alter是對(duì)局部,表面的改變,而change則是對(duì)本質(zhì)的,全面的,徹底的改變。如:Can you alter the dress? (你會(huì)改做這件衣服嗎?)Can you change the dress?(你能給我更換這件衣服嗎?)
27.altogether, all together
altogether總計(jì),總共。如:Altogether there are six of us. (我們總計(jì)六人。)
all together 全都在一起。如:We played the game all together. (我們大家都一起來(lái)玩游戲吧。)
28.amaze, astonish, surprise
都可作及物動(dòng)詞,意思相近,一般都是以事物作主語(yǔ),人稱作賓語(yǔ)。
amaze強(qiáng)調(diào)“使驚訝”,有時(shí)還有“驚嘆”,“佩服”等意。
astonish表示“使大吃一驚”,“幾乎使人無(wú)法相信”之意。
surprise只表“出乎意料之外”。
29.among, between
among 在……中間(三者或三者以上之間)。如:Our house is hidden among trees.
between在兩者之間。如:It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese.
30.announce, declare
announce指宣布公眾期望或與公眾有關(guān)的事情,含有預(yù)告的意味。如:The government announced that they would pay their debts. (政府宣布將償還債務(wù)。)
declare指正式負(fù)責(zé)地宣布,聲明,通常用于莊重的場(chǎng)合。如:The judge declared him guilty.(法官宣布他有罪。)
31.annoy, bother, trouble, disturb
annoy指外界的干擾令人討厭或無(wú)法忍受,或指某人故意去妨礙別人。
bother打擾,麻煩,指給人行動(dòng)帶來(lái)不便或身心上帶來(lái)痛苦。如:May I trouble you with a few questions?
disturb打擾,擾亂,指使正常秩序或一時(shí)的安定受到破壞,精力一時(shí)不能集中。如:I am sorry to disturb you.
32.answer, reply, respond
用作動(dòng)詞,都可表“回答”,“答復(fù)”。
answer是常用詞,后可接letter(回信),question(回答問(wèn)題),doorbell(開門),telephone(接電話),advertisement(應(yīng)征廣告)等�!eply較正式,一般只作不及物動(dòng)詞,可與to連用。如:He has replied to my letter.(他回答了我信中提的問(wèn)題。)
respond作“回答”解,用得較少,也同to 搭配。如:He quickly responded to the question. (他很快就回答了問(wèn)題。)
另外,respond還可表“對(duì)……反應(yīng)”,“響應(yīng)”。
33. appreciate, enjoy
appreciate指對(duì)事物有深刻的理解能力并能鑒賞。
enjoy是一般用語(yǔ),僅指感官或智力上的滿足,“享受”的意味較強(qiáng)。
34. approve, prove
approve(1)贊成,同意。如:I don’t approve of wasting time.(我不贊成浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。)
(2)批準(zhǔn),通過(guò)。如:The minister approved the building plan. 部長(zhǎng)批準(zhǔn)了建筑計(jì)劃。
prove和approve詞形相似,prove是“證明”,“表明是”等。
35. argue, debate, dispute
argue著重“說(shuō)理”,“論證”,“企圖說(shuō)明”,且后可接that引導(dǎo)的從句。
debate著重雙方各自陳述理由,尤其是“公開地”、“正式地”辯論。如:The subject was hotly debated.
dispute著重就分歧進(jìn)行熱烈的“爭(zhēng)論”,含有“相持不下”或“未得到解決”的意味。如:He disputed with his wife on household expenses.
36. arise, rise, raise
arise表無(wú)形的東西(如困難,問(wèn)題等)“出現(xiàn)”,“發(fā)生”。
rise指具體事物的“上升”,“升起”,也是不及物動(dòng)詞。如:The sun rises in the east.(太陽(yáng)從東邊升起。)
raise為及物動(dòng)詞,“使……上升”,“舉起”等。如:He raised his hand.(他舉了手。)
37. assure, ensure, insure
assure以十分肯定的語(yǔ)氣向別人保證某事一定會(huì)發(fā)生,后需連用人稱代詞或指人的名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
ensure表普通的“保證”。
insure表“保險(xiǎn)”,有時(shí)同ensure可以換用。
38. awake, wake, waken
都可作動(dòng)詞。
awake既可及物,也可不及物,多用于比喻。
wake常指“睡醒”,多為不及物動(dòng)詞。
waken多用作及物動(dòng)詞,常指“吵醒”,“驚醒”。
39. await, wait
await是及物動(dòng)詞。如:I await your further instructions.
wait“等”、“等候”,是不及物動(dòng)詞,后常接介詞for。如:I will wait for you at the school gate.
40. award, prize, reward
award, reward作動(dòng)詞。award意為“授予(獎(jiǎng)品,獎(jiǎng)金等)”,后面可跟雙賓語(yǔ);reward意為“報(bào)酬”,“酬謝”,只能跟人或以人的行為作賓語(yǔ)。
award, prize, reward作名詞時(shí),award常指獎(jiǎng)金,獎(jiǎng)品;prize多指在競(jìng)賽、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中獲勝所贏得的獎(jiǎng);reward則指為某項(xiàng)勞動(dòng)或行為所付的酬金。
41. base, basis
base表事物的下部的底部,多用于具體事物。
basis多用于比喻,主要指命題的基礎(chǔ)。如:His ideas have no basis in reality.(他的意見缺乏現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。)
42. beat, win
beat表在比賽和戰(zhàn)斗中打敗對(duì)手,后接對(duì)手作賓語(yǔ)。
Win作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),其賓語(yǔ)為游戲、比賽、戰(zhàn)斗、獎(jiǎng)金等名詞。如:He has won the race.(他贏得了賽跑的勝利。)
43. beneath, below, under
beneath表示同表面接觸,與on 相對(duì)。Below表示“在下面,低于”,與above相對(duì)。
under表示“在……正下方”與over相對(duì)。
44. beside, besides
beside在……旁邊。如:Come and sit beside me.
besides除……之外。如:I have two other umbrellas besides this one.
45. big, great, large
big強(qiáng)調(diào)體積,質(zhì)量,容量和重量大。如:a big box。Big也有抽象意義,指重大的事件或行為。如:a big mistake
great帶感情色彩,多指程度和質(zhì)量,指具體事物或人時(shí),表“突出”,“引人注目”。如:a great man
large多指面積,數(shù)目或數(shù)量大。如:a large population, a large number等。
46. bloom, blossom
bloom多指供觀賞植物的開花。如:The roses are blooming.
blossom多指果樹等植物的開花。如:The apple trees are blossoming.
47. borrow, lend
borrow借入。如:Can I borrow your pen for a moment? lend把……借給。如:Can you lend me your bike?
48. bring, take
bring帶來(lái)。如:Bring me some water, please.
take拿走。如:Shall I take some flowers when I go and see her?
49. calculate, compute, estimate
calculate通常指用數(shù)學(xué)方法進(jìn)行比較復(fù)雜,難度較大的精確計(jì)算。如:You can’t expect a schoolboy to calculate distances in astronomy.
compute常指比較簡(jiǎn)單的運(yùn)算。如:It was computed that two thirds of the students in the class passed the examination.
estimate估計(jì),常指對(duì)數(shù)量、成本等事先進(jìn)行判斷或估計(jì)。如:Some farmers asked the weatherman to estimate next year’s rainfall.
50. cheat, deceive, trick
cheat欺騙,常用詞,主要指為了自己的利益欺騙人。
deceive表示隱瞞真相或以假相騙人。如:The boy deceived the teacher by lying.
trick哄騙,表示耍手段進(jìn)行欺騙,強(qiáng)調(diào)在行騙時(shí)使用計(jì)策,有時(shí)也指并非出于惡意的欺騙。如:Tom cleverly tricked his mother into approval.
51. childish, childlike
childish幼稚的。如:It was very childish of him to lose his temper over something so unimportant.
childlike孩子般天真的。如:When she won the gold medal, there was childlike smile on her face.
52. choose, pick, select, elect
choose是一常用詞,表一般的“選擇”。
pick通常用于不需要認(rèn)真權(quán)衡,對(duì)比就能做出決定。
select側(cè)重“在同類的許多東西中,進(jìn)行有斟酌的精選”。
elect指選舉或用其他方法推選人。
53. cloth, clothing
cloth布。如:I need three yards of cloth to make a suit.
clothing衣服(總稱)。如:You’d better give all the old clothing away.
54. complex, complicated
均可表“復(fù)雜”。
complex為常用詞。
complicated為正式用詞,表由于組成部分太多,相互關(guān)系太復(fù)雜而不能理解,語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)。
55. compose, consist, constitute
compose為常用詞,常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),主語(yǔ)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Twelve men compose a jury.(十二人組成陪審團(tuán)。)
consist表一個(gè)整體由幾個(gè)部分組成(只能用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))。如:The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Island.(聯(lián)合王國(guó)是由大不列顛及北愛(ài)爾蘭組 成。)
constitute為正式用詞,與consist相反,表由哪些部分構(gòu)成整體。如:Twelve months constitute a year.(一年有十二個(gè)月。)
56. considerable, considerate
considerable相當(dāng)多的,可觀的。如:He met a considerable amount of trouble.(他遇到了許多麻煩。)
considerate 考慮周到的,體諒的。如:It was considerate of you not to trouble us.(你真體貼人,不打擾我們。)
57. consistent, constant, continual, continuous
consistent一致的,符合的。如:His action is always consistent with his words.
constant不斷的,表示持續(xù)和慣常的重現(xiàn),往往沒(méi)有變化。如:He attributes his health to his constant exercise.
continual頻頻的,不停的,時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù),中間可有間歇。如:Continual smoking is bad for health.
continuous不斷延伸的,連續(xù)不斷的,強(qiáng)調(diào)中間無(wú)間斷。如:Everything in the universe undergoes continuous development and change.
58. crack, crash
crack(使)破裂,砸開。如:I can crack it, but I can’t break it. (我能把它弄裂,但不能把它弄破。)
crash摔壞,墜毀。如:The plane crashed shortly after the take-off.(飛機(jī)起飛不久就墜毀了。) 59. crawl, creep
crawl多指蛇,蟲類等身體沿地面或其他表面的動(dòng)作。如:There is an insect crawling up your back. (有一蟲子正在你的背上往上爬。)
creep多指哺乳動(dòng)物或人等用四肢爬行的動(dòng)物偷偷摸摸無(wú)聲緩慢的前行動(dòng)作。如:They arrived late and crept into the classroom.(我們遲到了,便悄悄地溜進(jìn)教室。)
60. cure, treat
cure治愈,醫(yī)治。如:The medicine will cure of your disease.(這藥能治好你的病。)
cure表示治好,treat只表示“給……治病”。
61. current, present
均可表“現(xiàn)在”,“目前”。
current強(qiáng)調(diào)在現(xiàn)階段正在流行,通用,但不一定是最新的。如:current English (當(dāng)代英語(yǔ))
present為常用詞,指現(xiàn)在正在通用的,在時(shí)間上比current的范圍更窄。如:What’s your present address?(你現(xiàn)住址是哪里?)
62. custom, habit
均可表習(xí)慣。
custom為正式用詞,多指社團(tuán)或人們的習(xí)慣行為方式。
habit為常用詞,多指?jìng)(gè)人因多次重復(fù)而形成做某事的趨勢(shì)或意愿。如:He has the bad habit of biting his nails.(他有咬手指的壞習(xí)慣。)
63. damage, destroy, harm, ruin
均可表“破壞”,“損壞”。
damage一般指部分性的破壞,含可修復(fù)使用。
destroy指十分徹底的毀壞,破壞。如:The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake.(地震中整個(gè)城市被毀了。)
harm多指帶來(lái)悲痛,產(chǎn)生惡果的傷害,可以是肉體的也可是精神的。如:Doctors say smoking harms our health.(醫(yī)生說(shuō)吸煙對(duì)身體有害。)
ruin為正式用詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)由于自然力或時(shí)間的作用而逐漸損壞,用于比喻時(shí)也指徹底毀壞名聲,期望等。如:She poured water all over my painting and ruined it. (她把水倒在畫上,把它毀了。)另外,ruin的復(fù)數(shù)形式ruins表“廢墟”。
64. decrease, reduce
decrease多表示逐漸縮小。如:The swelling decreased daily.(腫脹日漸消退。)
reduce為常用詞,使用范圍較大,可指尺寸,數(shù)量,規(guī)模和程度等,也可指地位,經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。如:He won’t reduce the rent of the house.(他不愿降低房租。)
65. dependent, independent
dependent依賴的,依靠的(on, upon)。如:Success is dependent on your hard work.
Independent 不依靠的,獨(dú)立的(of)。如:John was independent of his parents when he was still a child.
66. desert, dessert
desert沙漠。如:Have you ever been to a desert?
Dessert甜食。如:What would you like for dessert, an apple pie or ice-cream?
67. discover, invent
discover發(fā)現(xiàn)。如:A coal mine has been discovered in that area.
invent發(fā)明,創(chuàng)造。如:A kind of toothbrush has been invented to relieve toothache.
68. duty, responsibility
均有“責(zé)任”之意,可換用。
duty意義較廣,多指發(fā)自內(nèi)心的道德倫理上的責(zé)任感。
responsibility著重指從道義或法律上對(duì)事件之后果負(fù)責(zé)。如:I took full responsibility for breaking the vase.(我承擔(dān)打破花瓶的全部責(zé)任。)
69. effective, efficient
均可表示“有效的”。
effective常用以指物,強(qiáng)調(diào)能產(chǎn)生某種預(yù)期的效果。如:effective medicine, effective method等。
efficient“效率高的”,“有能力的”,用以指人或物,著重有效地利用時(shí)間、精力并取得預(yù)期效果。如:The German telephone system is highly efficient. (德國(guó)的電話系統(tǒng)效率很高。)
70. economic, economical
economic經(jīng)濟(jì)(學(xué))的。如:the economic doctrines of Ricardo(李嘉圖的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)說(shuō))
economical節(jié)約的,節(jié)儉的。如:He is economical of money and time.
71. electric, electrical, electronic
三詞都與電有關(guān) electric著重于發(fā)電的,電動(dòng)的或?qū)щ姷�。如:electric generator(發(fā)電機(jī));electric light(電燈)
electrical多指本身不產(chǎn)生電,但是與電有關(guān)的。如:electrical engineering(電機(jī)工程);an electrical transcription(廣播唱片)
electronic 電子的,電子操作的。如:electronic engineering(電子工程學(xué))
72. emergence, emergency
emergence是emerge的名詞形式。
Emergency意為“緊急情況”,“突然事件”。
73. everyday, every day
everyday每日的,日常的(作定語(yǔ))。如:This morning exercise has become my everyday routine.
every day每天(作狀語(yǔ))。如:She gets up early every day.
74. endure, bear, stand, tolerate, withstand
都表忍受,忍耐。
bear忍受,容忍,指忍受使人悲痛、煩惱或痛苦的事情。如:It is hard to bear to be laughed at.(被人取笑是難以忍受的。)
endure忍耐,書面語(yǔ),指長(zhǎng)時(shí)間經(jīng)受痛苦而不屈服。如:It takes patience to endure hardships. 忍受苦難需要耐力。)
stand忍受,與bear同義,但較口語(yǔ)化。如:She can’t stand having nothing to do.(沒(méi)事干,她受不了。)
tolerate容忍,容許,指自我克制的態(tài)度,對(duì)于令人反感的事沒(méi)有任何抗議。如:I can’t tolerate him if he goes on like that. (他如果繼續(xù)這樣下去的話,我決不會(huì)容忍他。)
withstand經(jīng)受,承受,指頂住外來(lái)的壓力和攻勢(shì)。如:They have withstood all test.(他們經(jīng)受了一切考驗(yàn)。)
75. error, mistake, fault, shortcoming
均表“缺點(diǎn)”,“錯(cuò)誤”。
error是通用詞,指任何錯(cuò)誤,“犯錯(cuò)誤”可以說(shuō)commit /make an error。
mistake指判斷或理解方面,或指因考慮不周而造成的錯(cuò)誤,搭配是make a mistake。
fault表示“過(guò)失”,可與error通用,現(xiàn)多用來(lái)指缺點(diǎn),特指缺乏某要素因而不完美。如:There is a fault in this machine.(這臺(tái)機(jī)器有一處毛病。)構(gòu)成短語(yǔ) find fault with挑剔,找毛病。
shortcoming 缺點(diǎn),可指人或事物的本質(zhì)上不足之處(常用復(fù)數(shù))。如:In spite of his shortcomings, I still like him.(盡管他缺點(diǎn)多,我仍然喜歡他。)
76. especially, particularly, specially
均可表“特別地”。
especially一般表示某事物在意義、程度、重要性性超過(guò)其他事物。如:I love Italy, especially in summer.(我喜歡意大利,尤其在夏天。)
particularly往往著重說(shuō)明與同類事物不同的個(gè)別事物。如:The visitors admired his paintings, but particularly the portrait of his daughter.(來(lái)訪者贊賞他所有的繪畫,特別是他女兒的畫像。)
specially 多表示“專門地”,“為特別目的的地”,如表“不尋�!�,“過(guò)分”等,可與especially通用。如:I made chocolate cake specially for you.(我特地為你做了巧克力蛋糕。)
77. exchange, replace, substitute
均含有“換”之意。
exchange指“互相交換”。
replace的含義為“替換”,“取代”。如:George has replaced Edward as captain of the team.(喬石治已接替愛(ài)德華擔(dān)任隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。)
substitute則表示“用……代替”。如:We substitute nylon for cotton.(我們用尼龍代替了棉花。)
78. fall, descend
都可表向下運(yùn)動(dòng)。
fall指由于重力突然從高處落下或因?yàn)槭テ胶舛�。如:She slipped and fell down.(她滑了一下摔倒了。)
descend多指沿著斜面而緩慢向下移動(dòng)。如:He descended the hill.(他下山了。)
79. fame, honor, reputation
都可表名聲。
fame是常用詞,一般指好的名聲。如:He was not anxious for fame.(他并不渴望成名。)
honor榮譽(yù),尊敬,指受到公眾崇敬的榮譽(yù)和光榮。如:This is an honor more than I can deserve.(這光榮我受之有愧。)
reputation名譽(yù),指公眾對(duì)某人的看法,可好可壞。如:He has a reputation for laziness.(他的懶惰出了名。) 80. fell, fall
fell砍伐(樹木)。如:They are felling the trees.(他們?cè)诳硺洹?
fell也可作fall的過(guò)去式;fell作“砍伐”時(shí),它的過(guò)去式,過(guò)去分詞分別為felled, felled.
81. formally, formerly
formally正式地。如:We were required to dress formally for the party.
formerly從前。如:Formerly he worked in a factory, but now he is a teacher.
82. frank, honest, sincere
都與坦率有關(guān)。
frank直率的,坦白的,著重表達(dá)自己的情感和想法時(shí)沒(méi)有保留。如:To be frank with you, I do not know the answer myself.(老實(shí)說(shuō),我自己也不知道答案。)
honest誠(chéng)實(shí)的,正直的,指遵守正直等道德準(zhǔn)則。如:We want your honest opinion, not empty compliments.(我們需要你的誠(chéng)心懇的意見,而不是空洞的恭維。)
Sincere誠(chéng)摯的,誠(chéng)懇的,強(qiáng)調(diào)出自內(nèi)心的真心實(shí)意。如:Please accept this as a token of my sincere gratitude.(請(qǐng)接受這份表示我真誠(chéng)感謝的禮物。)
83. gaze, stare, glance, glimpse
都與“看”有關(guān)。
gaze“凝視”,強(qiáng)調(diào)由于驚奇、興趣,目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地注視。
Stare強(qiáng)調(diào)由于好奇、害怕或無(wú)意地睜大眼睛盯著看看。
glare“怒視”,是兇狠地含有威脅地盯著看。
glimpse“一瞥”,是短暫而急促地看,含有意地匆匆地看一眼,現(xiàn)多用作名詞。
[注意]一般表示“看”的單詞大多同at搭配構(gòu)成短,但glimpse卻有catch (have) a glimpse of這一搭配。
84. genius, gift, talent
都有天才之意。
genius天才,是這三詞中程度最高的詞。如:Shakespeare was a man of great genius.
gift天賦,比“天才”的意義要弱一點(diǎn),可用復(fù)數(shù)。如:He is a man of many gifts.(他多才多藝。)
talent才能,一般不用復(fù)數(shù),指通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)和勤奮掌握的本領(lǐng)、技術(shù)和其他的活動(dòng)能力。如:As a novelist, he shows great talent in characterization.(作為小說(shuō)家,他在描寫人物方面顯出很大的才能。)
85. get, achieve, acquire, attain, gain, obtain
均可表“獲得”。
get用得最廣,可指以各種方式獲得各種東西。如:Where can I get enough information?(我從哪兒能得到足夠的資料?)
achieve多指克服困難后取得勝利,成功,強(qiáng)調(diào)“得到”這一結(jié)果。如:He achieved his ambition in the end.(他最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了他的抱負(fù)。)
acquire指通過(guò)本身的努力逐漸獲得知識(shí)、能力和榮譽(yù)等。如:acquire knowledge(獲得知識(shí))。
attain為正式用詞,多用于莊重場(chǎng)合,主要指通過(guò)努力達(dá)到重要目的或得到珍貴的東西。如:The scientist attained great fame by a new discovery.(那科學(xué)家由于一次新發(fā)現(xiàn)而出了名。)
gain多指付出極大努力后獲得或贏得給自己帶來(lái)優(yōu)勢(shì)的東西。如:They gained the victory after a bloody battle.(浴血奮戰(zhàn)后他們贏得了勝利。)
obtain多指憑努力或懇求得到急需或很想得到的東西。如:Howard had failed to obtain a scholarship.(霍華德沒(méi)能得到獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。)
86. grasp, seize, snatch
都有“抓”的意思。
grasp為常用詞,是用適度的力量抓牢。
seize是突然用力抓住。
snatch“攫取”,指出其不意地,突然一把抓住并拿向自己。
87. hanged, hung
hang, hanged, hanged吊死。如:He hanged himself when he failed.
Hang, hung, hung懸掛。如:His pictures were hung in the museum.
88. haste, hurry, speed
都與速度有關(guān)。
haste急速,急忙,多指人的動(dòng)作迅速和匆忙。如:I felt no haste to depart.(我不急著走。)
hurry急忙,匆忙,常表示混亂,焦急和忙亂的意思。如:I forgot to pay my bill in my hurry.
Speed迅速,快,不暗示忙亂或焦急。如:More haste, less speed.(欲速則不達(dá)。)
89. hard, hardly
hard努力地。如:Take it easy. You’ve been working too hard. hardly幾乎不,簡(jiǎn)直不。如:The children can hardly wait to hear the news.
90. home, house
home家。如:East or west, home is best.
House房子,住宅。如:Our new house is quite near the station.
91. equal, equivalent, identical, same
皆含相同,相等之意。
equal相同的,相等的,特指“數(shù)量,價(jià)值等”相同。如:Their ages are equal.
equivalent相等的,特指“價(jià)值,效力,意義”等相同的。如:This sentence is equivalent to that.
identical相同的,相等的,側(cè)重于某一細(xì)節(jié)上完全相同。如:She wore the identical dress on both occasions.
identical相同的,相等的,側(cè)重于某一細(xì)節(jié)上完全相同。如:She wore the identical dress on both occasion.(她在兩種場(chǎng)合穿同樣的衣服。)
same相同的,表示在質(zhì)量、類型、外表或意義上相同,而實(shí)際上有差異。如:He is of about the same age as you.
92. imaginable, imaginary, imaginative
都是與想象有關(guān)的形容詞。
imaginable可以想象得到的。如:This is the only solution imaginable.(這是惟一想得出的解決辦法。)
imaginary假想的,虛構(gòu)的。如:an imaginary character in a story(故事里的虛構(gòu)人物)
imaginative富于想象力力的。如:an imaginative artist(想像力豐定的藝術(shù)家)
93. indifferent, different
indifferent冷漠的,不關(guān)心的,同to搭配。如:He was indifferent to his personal appearance.(他從前不注意自己的外表。)
different跟……不一樣,同from搭配。如:This book is different from that one.(這本書跟那本不一樣。)
94. industrial, industrious
industrial工業(yè)的,產(chǎn)業(yè)的。如:Italy is becoming an industrial nation.(意大利逐步成為工業(yè)國(guó)。)
industrious勤勞的,勤奮的。如:He is an industrious student.(他是個(gè)用功的學(xué)生。)
95. influence, effect
都有“影響”之意。
influence可作動(dòng)詞、名詞,指對(duì)某人的思想行為、性格等產(chǎn)生影響。如:She was influenced by her middle school teachers.(她受中學(xué)時(shí)的老師影響。)
effect用作動(dòng)詞意為“造成”,“產(chǎn)生”,用作名詞強(qiáng)調(diào)由于影響而產(chǎn)生特殊效果。如:The effects of the medicine are very good.(藥效很好。)
96. intention, idea, purpose
intention主要指?jìng)(gè)人心里產(chǎn)生的做某事欲望或得到某物的想法,常見的搭配是have the intention of doing something.
Idea指“意見”,“見解”。
Purpose意為“目的”,著重于實(shí)現(xiàn)目的的決心和待付出的努力。如:For what purpose do you learn English?(你學(xué)英文的目的是什么?)
97. last, latest, final, ultimate
last最后的,與first相對(duì),還可指“上一次的”。如:My seat is in the last row.
latest最近的,指時(shí)間上。如:the latest news(最新消息)
final最后的,指在一系列的事物中是最后的,而且是結(jié)論性的,決定性的。如:The judgment has become final.(這已是最后的判斷。)
ultimate 最終的,最后的,用于正式場(chǎng)合,含有最高的和最有權(quán)威的結(jié)果。如:He never considered the ultimate result of his action.(他從未考慮其行為的后果。)
98. lay, lie
lay放,擱。如:Lay the book on the desk.(把書放在桌上。)
lie(躺)的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞分別為lay, lain; lie(說(shuō)謊)的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞為lied, lied; lay作動(dòng)詞時(shí)的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞是laid, laid。
99. literal, literary, literate
literal文字上的,字面的。如:a literal interpretation of a passage(對(duì)一段文章的字面解釋)
literary文學(xué)的。如:literary works(文學(xué)作品)
literary有文化的(反義詞是illiterate),如:people applying for the job should be computer literate.(申請(qǐng)這份工作的人應(yīng)會(huì)使用電腦。) 轉(zhuǎn)100.manufacture, make, produce
manufacture制造,加工,較正式,通常表示把原料經(jīng)過(guò)一定程度制成產(chǎn)品,多指使用機(jī)器大批生產(chǎn)。如:This textile factory manufactures cloth of good quality.(這家紡織廠生產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)布料。)
make做,制造,最常用詞,使用較廣泛。如:She can make cakes.
Produce生產(chǎn),制造,著重產(chǎn)品的數(shù)量。如:The chemical works produced 5,000 tons of chemical fertilizer last year.(這家化工廠去年生產(chǎn)了5000噸化肥。)
101.much, very
都可表示“很”。
much用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞意義很強(qiáng)的過(guò)去分詞;very一般修飾形容詞或已失去動(dòng)作意義的過(guò)去分詞。
一些只作表語(yǔ)的形容詞,一般多用much修飾。
very much是much的加強(qiáng)語(yǔ),因此,能用much的地方,都能用very much。
修飾形容詞原級(jí)用very,修飾比較級(jí)用much。
much可修飾名詞,very不能。
102.neglect, overlook, ignore
neglect可以是有意,也可以是無(wú)意地“忽略”或“忽視”應(yīng)該做的事。如:If others neglect their duty to you, be sure that you perform yours to them. (即使他人忽略了履行對(duì)你的義務(wù),你也要履行你對(duì)他們的義務(wù)。)
overlook指由于粗心大意,匆忙而“看漏”或“忽略”某東西或某事實(shí)。如:His services have been overlooked by his employers.(他的工作一直沒(méi)有得到雇主的重視。)
ignore不顧,不理,常指有意地不理,不加分析地拒絕考慮。如:She saw him coming but she ignored him.
103.happen, occur, take place
均表示“發(fā)生”。
happen是常用詞,指偶然或按計(jì)劃的發(fā)生。如:When did the explosion happen?(爆炸什么時(shí)候發(fā)生?)
occur是較正式的用詞,主要用以指無(wú)計(jì)劃的發(fā)生。
take place多表示情況或事情按計(jì)劃發(fā)生。如:The story took place in 1917.(故事發(fā)生在1917年。)
104.chance, opportunity, occasion
chance多指偶然的機(jī)會(huì),意外的機(jī)會(huì),帶有僥幸的意味。如:Even so, it was a lucky chance that he could do it.(即使如此,那也是他憑著僥幸才做到這點(diǎn)。)
opportunity主要指能夠去做某事,尤其是達(dá)到自己目的,實(shí)現(xiàn)某種愿望的好機(jī)會(huì)。如:You should make the most of your opportunities of seeing the country and learning the language.(你應(yīng)該盡量利用你的機(jī)會(huì)去看看這個(gè)國(guó)家,學(xué)習(xí)它的語(yǔ)言。)
occasion主要指“時(shí)機(jī)”,“場(chǎng)合”,也含有“機(jī)會(huì)”的意思。如:The flags are hung out on the occasion of the National Day.(每逢國(guó)慶節(jié),國(guó)旗都懸持出來(lái)了。)
105.persist, insist
persist堅(jiān)持,后面常接介詞in。如:He persisted in carrying on his work in spite of great fatigue.(他雖然疲倦極了,可仍堅(jiān)持工作。)
insist堅(jiān)持,后面接介詞on,也可直接連用that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句。如:He insisted on my going there with him. (He insisted that I should go there with him.)
106.preserve, conserve, reserve
preserve堅(jiān)持,后面常接介詞in。如:The ship is equipped with special refrigerating devices to preserve food for the whole voyage.(船上設(shè)有特殊冷藏設(shè)備,在整個(gè)航程中保存食物。)
conserve保存,儲(chǔ)藏,強(qiáng)調(diào)采取措施精心保護(hù)某物,防止不必要的浪費(fèi),損失或變化。如:He is conserving his energy for the last twenty-meter dash.(他正在為最后20米沖刺保存實(shí)力。)
reserve留存(在資金,人力,原料等),保留(權(quán)力等)。如:Reserve enough money for your home fare.(留足你回家的路費(fèi)。)
107.probable, possible, likely
probable很可能的,大概的,語(yǔ)氣較possible強(qiáng)。如:It is probable that the cost will be greater than we think.(花費(fèi)很可能比我們料想的要多。) possible強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上可能性,但常帶有“實(shí)際可能性很小”的暗示。如:It’s possible, though not probable, that he will accept these terms. (他有可能接受這些條件,但希望很小。)
likely暗示從表面跡象來(lái)判斷“有可能的”。如:It is likely that he will come.(他多半會(huì)來(lái)。)
108.purpose, goal, aim, end, object
purpose目的,意圖,比較確定,多指采取堅(jiān)決的行動(dòng)去達(dá)到目的。如:The tutor explained the purpose of the exercise.(導(dǎo)師說(shuō)明了該練習(xí)的目的。)
goal指經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)考慮而選中的比較大的目標(biāo),常需要努力或克服困難才能達(dá)到的目的。如:The goal of her desire is to be a singer.(她渴望成為一名歌唱家。)
aim常指短期目標(biāo),往往比較具體,也比較實(shí)際。如:My first aim is to receive a complete and good education.(我的第一個(gè)目標(biāo)是接受完整和良好的教育。)
end目標(biāo),目的,較正式。如:My chief end is to serve my country and my people.(我的首要目標(biāo)是為國(guó)為民服務(wù)。)
object指較明確具體的單個(gè)目標(biāo),往往出于直接的需要和愿望。如:What is the object of your visit?(你訪問(wèn)的目的是什么?)
109.respectable, respected, respectful, respective
都是形容詞。
respectable可尊敬的,值得尊重的。如:His parents were poor but respectable.(他父母雖窮卻令人尊敬。)
respected表示受人尊敬的,可用于對(duì)年長(zhǎng)的人,權(quán)威性的意見等。
respectful指“充滿敬意的”,是主動(dòng)性的尊重他人。如:The students were very respectful towards the great man.(這些學(xué)生對(duì)這位偉人十分敬仰。)
respective表“各自分別的”,修飾名詞時(shí),名詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如:They went back to their respective houses.(他們回了各自的家。)
110.round, around
round作副詞時(shí),同around意思相近,規(guī)范用法應(yīng)區(qū)別動(dòng)態(tài)和靜態(tài)。 Round用于圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)或測(cè)量,around用于指遍及表面或中心附近。如:The spaceship traveled round the world in 40 minutes. They planted trees around the lawn.
around用于指遍及表面或中心附近。如:The spaceship traveled round the world in 40 minutes. They planted trees around the lawn.
111.rouse, arouse
rouse表“激起”,語(yǔ)氣比arouse強(qiáng),常有“積極行動(dòng)”的意思。
arouse表“引起”,動(dòng)作意味較弱,在表“喚起”意義時(shí),可用rouse換用。
112.say, speak, talk, tell
say著重所說(shuō)的話,可用作及物動(dòng)詞,帶賓語(yǔ)從句。
Speak著重開口發(fā)聲,不著重所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容,一般作不及物動(dòng)詞,用作及物動(dòng)詞,賓語(yǔ)只能是某種語(yǔ)言等少數(shù)幾個(gè)名詞,不能接that從句。
Talk表示通過(guò)談話方式交換意見、思想、消息等,一般只作不及物動(dòng)詞。
Tell表示告訴,有時(shí)兼含“囑咐”,“命令”等。Tell the truth說(shuō)真話,tell a lie說(shuō)謊,tell a story講故事等為固定搭配。Tell是及物動(dòng)詞,但其后不跟that從句。
113.senseless, sensible, sensitive
senseless愚蠢的(常作定語(yǔ));無(wú)知覺(jué)的(常作表語(yǔ))。
Sensible懂事的,明智的。如:He is a sensible child.(他是個(gè)懂事的孩子。)
Sensitive有感覺(jué)的,敏感的。如:Eyes are very sensitive to light.(眼睛對(duì)光敏感。)
114.shake, shiver, tremble
shake顫抖,顫動(dòng),指任何短促而急促的搖動(dòng),有時(shí)喻指對(duì)決心,信念的動(dòng)搖。如:He was shaking with fear.(他嚇得發(fā)抖。) Nothing can shake our determination.(什么也動(dòng)搖不了我們的決心。)
shiver戰(zhàn)栗,寒戰(zhàn),指因寒冷,恐懼或體弱多病而引起的抖動(dòng)。如:The old man stood shivering in the wind-swept street.(這位老人站在寒風(fēng)凜冽的街上發(fā)抖。)
tremble顫抖,發(fā)抖,指因寒冷、情緒變化、體弱多病而不由自主輕微地抖動(dòng)。如:A poor old woman stood at the corner, trembling with age.(一位可憐的老婦人站在拐角處,因年老而不斷哆嗦。) 115.small, little
small側(cè)重尺度,面積,數(shù)字等,在指具體事物小時(shí),有時(shí)有輕視,鄙視,貶低的意味,在表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時(shí),一般說(shuō)a small amount of。
little指具體事物小時(shí),常有贊賞,愛(ài)惜等意味,也可用來(lái)指不可數(shù)的量。
116.solve, answer, resolve
solve解決,解答。如:He solved all the problems in the exam.(他解出了所有試題。)solve的名詞為solution,一般同to搭配。如:a solution to the problem
answer 表“回答”,后面的賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)是questions。
resolve表“解決”,“解答”是個(gè)正式用詞。如:Have you resolved the problem yet?(你把問(wèn)題解決了嗎?)resolve還有“決定”,“下決心”等意思。
117.sometimes, some time, sometime, some times
詞形相近,但意義和用法不同。
sometimes有時(shí)。如:I sometimes play tennis.(我有時(shí)打網(wǎng)球。)
some times有幾次。如:I have been to the Great Wall for some times.(我去長(zhǎng)城有好幾次了。)
sometime某個(gè)時(shí)候,指過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的不確定時(shí)間。如:I will buy a car sometime in the future.(將來(lái)我會(huì)買車的。)
some time一段時(shí)間。如:I have been a teacher for some time.(我當(dāng)老師已有些年頭了。)
118.submit, surrender, yield
都有“讓步,屈服”之意。
submit表示“甘心忍受”,作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),賓語(yǔ)為反身代詞,但一般為不及物動(dòng)詞,后接介詞to 。
surrender“投降”,強(qiáng)調(diào)“被迫投降,壓力很大”,是不及物動(dòng)詞,后接介詞to;用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),表因戰(zhàn)敗或被迫“交出”,“放棄”某些事物。
yield“投降”,與surrender 大致同義,但是指“溫和的讓步”。
119.sway, swing
sway和swing同義。
sway一般表示物體的下端固定,上端“搖動(dòng)”。如:The sailboat swayed on the stormy sea.(帆船在驚濤駭浪的大海中搖晃。)
swing多表示物體的上端固定,下端“擺動(dòng)”。如:The pendulum swings.(鐘擺擺動(dòng)。)
120.army, force, troop
army軍隊(duì),著重指軍隊(duì)這個(gè)整體,包括陸�?杖�。當(dāng)與navy和air force并列使用時(shí),則指陸軍。如:We will have not only a powerful army but also a powerful air force and a powerful navy.(我們不但要有強(qiáng)大的陸軍,而且要有強(qiáng)大的空軍和海軍。)
force軍隊(duì),部隊(duì),著重指武力,常用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Forces were sent out to stop the conflict.派出武裝部隊(duì)制止這場(chǎng)沖突。
troop部隊(duì),著重指構(gòu)成軍隊(duì)的士兵成員,常用復(fù)數(shù)。如:They sent the troops to the front.他們把軍隊(duì)派往前線。
121.free, vacant, empty
free空的,指清除了或缺少了某物,與of 或from連用。如:She is free from anxiety.(她無(wú)憂無(wú)慮。)She is free of him.(她擺脫了他。)
empty空的,指里面什么東西都沒(méi)有。如:The case is empty.(這是個(gè)空箱子。)
vacant空閑的,指地方?jīng)]有被占用。如:One day, man can make full use of vacant space.(將來(lái),人們會(huì)充分利用浩瀚的天空。)
empty,vacant和相同的名詞連用時(shí),含義不同。如an empty house指房子里既無(wú)家具也無(wú)人,空蕩蕩的。而a vacant house指房子沒(méi)有被人占用,里面可有家具,也可無(wú)家具。
122.pay, salary, wage
pay薪金,泛指對(duì)付出勞動(dòng)給予的報(bào)酬,不分發(fā)放對(duì)象,只用單數(shù),尤指軍隊(duì)的軍餉。如:They are asking for equal pay for equal work.他們要求同工同酬。
Salary工資,指按月或年支付給腦力勞動(dòng)者的工資。如:The family lives on his salary.(全家人靠他的工資生活。)
Wage工資,指定期支付給體力勞動(dòng)者或臨時(shí)工的工資,常用復(fù)數(shù)。如:He works at wages of ten dollars a week.(他每周工資10美元。)
123.cry, sob, weep
cry哭,普通用語(yǔ),常指出聲地哭。如:The little girl cried herself to sleep.(小女孩哭著睡著了。)
sob抽泣,嗚咽:She sobbed herself to sleep.(她啜泣著入睡了。) weep哭泣,書面語(yǔ),常指小聲或無(wú)聲地哭泣,有時(shí)可與cry通用。如:She wept at the sad news.(聽到這不幸的消息,她哭了。)
124.worth, worthless, worthwhile, worthy
worth值……錢,值得……的。如:This house is worth a lot of money.(這房值很多錢。)The radio program is worth listening to. (這廣播節(jié)目值得聽。)
worthless無(wú)價(jià)值的,無(wú)用的(可作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),無(wú)比較級(jí))。如:These stamps are worthless.(這些郵票無(wú)價(jià)值。)Don’t read worthless books.(不要讀些沒(méi)用的書。)
worthwhile值得的(可作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ))。如:That is a worthwhile program.(那是一個(gè)值得聽的節(jié)目。)So few movies are worthwhile nowadays.(當(dāng)今有價(jià)值的電影很少。)
worthy(1)有價(jià)值的,可尊敬的(常作定語(yǔ))。如:The teacher was a worthy man.(那位老師是可尊敬的人。)(2)值得的(常作表語(yǔ))。如:The man is worthy of praise.(這人值得稱贊。)它的動(dòng)詞句式是be worthy to be done (be worth doing).
125.zone, district, area, region, belt
zone地帶,地區(qū),區(qū)域,指某一特定的地方或區(qū)域。如:Most of China is in the temperate zone.(中國(guó)的大部分地區(qū)在溫帶。)
district區(qū),行政區(qū),指一國(guó)家或城市按行政區(qū)的劃分。如:the economic development district(經(jīng)濟(jì)開放區(qū))
area面積,范圍,一般用語(yǔ),沒(méi)有明確的外圍界限,也可指占地面積。如:The factory covers an area of 500 mu.(這工廠占地50畝。)
region地區(qū),指較大范圍內(nèi)的區(qū)域,一般按自然條件和自身特點(diǎn)劃分。如:an autonomous region(自治區(qū))
belt地帶,通常指狹長(zhǎng)的地帶。如:The northern part of the country is usually regarded as the wheat belt.(這國(guó)家的北部通常被看作小麥種植地帶。)