成人高考高起點英語被動語態(tài)誤用辨析
2008-06-17 15:52:45 來源：育路成人高考頻道
1.中文：他們結(jié)婚兩年了。
（誤）They have married for two years.
（正）They have been married for two years.（表示已婚狀態(tài)的持續(xù)，要用完成時的被動式。）
2.中文：他被所有學生嘲笑。
（誤）He was laughed by all the pupils.
�。ㄕ〩e was laughed at by all the pupils.（不及物動詞＋介詞=及物動詞，變被動語態(tài)時介詞不能省略。）
3.中文：英語難學。
�。ㄕ`）English is difficult to be learned.
�。ㄕ〦nglish is difficult to learn.（英語難學=學英語難，也可說It’s difficult to learn English.原句的主語實際上是不定式的邏輯賓語，不定式要用主動形式。）
4.中文：湯姆問我這些島嶼是否屬于美國。
（誤）Tom asked me if these islands are belonged to America.
�。ㄕ㏕om asked me if these islands belonged to America.
5.中文：中國發(fā)生了很大變化。
（誤）Great changes have been taken place in China.
�。ㄕ〨reat changes have taken place in China.
6.中文：戰(zhàn)爭于一九三七年爆發(fā)。
�。ㄕ`）The war was broken out in 1937.
（正）The war broke out in 1937.（take place，break out，happen，belong to等不及物動詞或短語動詞沒有被動語態(tài)形式。）
7.中文：我看不清黑板。也許你需要檢查你的眼睛。
�。ㄕ`）I can’t see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to examine your eyes.
（正）I can’t see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to have your eyes examined.（表示使某物被別人…，通常使用have或get＋物＋過去分詞表示。）
8.中文：他命令馬上開始工作。
�。ㄕ`）He ordered the work to start at once.
（正）He ordered the work to be started at once.（不定式作賓語補語時，若與賓語是被動關系，要用不定式的被動形式。）
9.中文：他試圖不介入政治。
�。ㄕ`）He tried not to have mixed up in politics.
（正）He tried not to get mixed up in politics.（get作系動詞，可代替be，后接過去分詞表示被動，have無此功能。）
10.中文：據(jù)說他很富有。
（誤）They say him to have been rich.
�。ㄕ〩e is said to have been rich.（say后不可接不定式，但它的被動語態(tài)后可接不定式。）
11.中文：那人被認為是個傻子。
�。ㄕ`）The man thought to be a fool.
（正）The man was thought to be a fool.（主語是動作的承受者而不是發(fā)出者，用被動語態(tài)。）
（誤）They have married for two years.
（正）They have been married for two years.（表示已婚狀態(tài)的持續(xù)，要用完成時的被動式。）
2.中文：他被所有學生嘲笑。
（誤）He was laughed by all the pupils.
�。ㄕ〩e was laughed at by all the pupils.（不及物動詞＋介詞=及物動詞，變被動語態(tài)時介詞不能省略。）
3.中文：英語難學。
�。ㄕ`）English is difficult to be learned.
�。ㄕ〦nglish is difficult to learn.（英語難學=學英語難，也可說It’s difficult to learn English.原句的主語實際上是不定式的邏輯賓語，不定式要用主動形式。）
4.中文：湯姆問我這些島嶼是否屬于美國。
（誤）Tom asked me if these islands are belonged to America.
�。ㄕ㏕om asked me if these islands belonged to America.
5.中文：中國發(fā)生了很大變化。
（誤）Great changes have been taken place in China.
�。ㄕ〨reat changes have taken place in China.
6.中文：戰(zhàn)爭于一九三七年爆發(fā)。
�。ㄕ`）The war was broken out in 1937.
（正）The war broke out in 1937.（take place，break out，happen，belong to等不及物動詞或短語動詞沒有被動語態(tài)形式。）
7.中文：我看不清黑板。也許你需要檢查你的眼睛。
�。ㄕ`）I can’t see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to examine your eyes.
（正）I can’t see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to have your eyes examined.（表示使某物被別人…，通常使用have或get＋物＋過去分詞表示。）
8.中文：他命令馬上開始工作。
�。ㄕ`）He ordered the work to start at once.
（正）He ordered the work to be started at once.（不定式作賓語補語時，若與賓語是被動關系，要用不定式的被動形式。）
9.中文：他試圖不介入政治。
�。ㄕ`）He tried not to have mixed up in politics.
（正）He tried not to get mixed up in politics.（get作系動詞，可代替be，后接過去分詞表示被動，have無此功能。）
10.中文：據(jù)說他很富有。
（誤）They say him to have been rich.
�。ㄕ〩e is said to have been rich.（say后不可接不定式，但它的被動語態(tài)后可接不定式。）
11.中文：那人被認為是個傻子。
�。ㄕ`）The man thought to be a fool.
（正）The man was thought to be a fool.（主語是動作的承受者而不是發(fā)出者，用被動語態(tài)。）
