第八節(jié)  動 詞（7-1~13-1）

　　考試大綱要求

　　動詞包括時態(tài)、被動語態(tài)、動名詞、分詞以及虛擬語氣。

　�。�1）動詞的分類：及物動詞與不及物動詞；連系動詞；助動詞；情態(tài)動詞。

　　（2）動詞的基本形式：動詞原形、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞；不規(guī)則動詞的形式

　�。�3）動詞主要時態(tài)的構(gòu)成及其用法。包括一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進行時，現(xiàn)在完成時，現(xiàn)在完成進行時，一般過去時，過去進行時，過去完成時，完成進行時，一般將來時，將來完成時，過去將來時。

　�。�4）情態(tài)動詞及其基本用法。

　�。�5）非謂語動詞（不定式、動名詞、分詞）的形式及主要用法。

　�。�6）被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成及其基本用法。

　�。�7）虛擬語氣的常見形式及其基本用法。

　　一、動詞的分類

　　動詞類型                在句子中的用法

　　及物動詞                后面接賓語

　　不及物動詞              后面不接賓語，或接“介詞/副詞+賓語”

　　連系動詞                后面接表語

　　助動詞                  后面接動詞原形

　　情態(tài)動詞                后面接動詞原形，或接動詞的完成式

　　二、動詞的基本形式

　　動詞除原形外，還有過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞三種形式。

　�。ㄒ唬┻^去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成

　　1.一般情況下在原形后加-ed.如：work-worked， help-helped.

　　2.以e結(jié)尾的單詞，在原形后加-d.如：like-liked， joke-joked， hope-hoped.

　　3. 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的單詞，變y為i再加-ed.如：study-studied， carry-carried， copy-copied.

　　4.以重讀閉音節(jié)、末尾只有一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的單詞，雙寫末尾的輔音字母再加-ed.如：stop-stopped， prefer-preferred， admit-admitted， plan-planned.

　　有些動詞的過去式和過去分詞有特殊的形式。

　　cost-cost-cost

　　meet-met- met

　　catch-caught-caught

　　rise-rose-risen

　　drive-drove- driven

　　get-got-got/gotten

　　leave-left-left

　　smell-smelt/smelled-smelt/smelled

　　tell-told-told

　　take-took-taken

　�。ǘ�）現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成

　　1.一般情況下在原形后加-ing.如：go-going， carry-carrying， play-playing， answer-answering， ask-asking.

　　2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單詞，去e加-ing .如：live-living， come-coming， dance-dancing， write-writing.

　　3.以重讀閉音節(jié)、末尾只有一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞，雙寫末尾的輔音字母再加-ing . 如：sit-sitting， begin-beginning， permit-permitting， run-running， forget-forgetting.

　　有些動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞有其特殊形式。如：die-dying， lie-lying， tie-tying， picnic-picnicking.

　　三、動詞的主要時態(tài)

　�。ㄒ唬┮话悻F(xiàn)在時

　　一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作、現(xiàn)在的特征和狀態(tài)、普遍真理等。

　　Galileo said the earth moves around the sun.

　　一般現(xiàn)在時的謂語形式：

　　1.當動詞為實義動詞，如read， go， look時，謂語用動詞原形，否定句在動詞前面加do not ，疑問句加助動詞do .常和always， often， usually， sometimes， everyday等表示時間的狀語連用。

　　I go to school everyday.

　　I read the newspapers after lunch.

　　Do you agree with me？（agree with sb. 同意某人觀點）

　　I dont quite agree with you.

　　主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞后面一般加s（具體變化規(guī)則與名詞變復數(shù)相同）。否定句加does not， 疑問句加does .

　　My father gets up at six everyday.

　　He loves sports.

　　Does it hurt？

　　Does Miss Wu teach us English？

　　The machine doesnt run smoothly.

　　2.當動詞為be時，謂語隨人稱和數(shù)的不同用am， is， are 三種形式。

　　One is not guilty until he is proved. 在被證明有罪之前， 人都是無罪的。

　　Knowledge is power.知識就是力量。

　　She isnt afraid to go to school alone now.

　　Are you from Yunnan？（be from 來自……地方）

　　What she says is true.

　　3.當動詞為have， 表示“有”時，謂語用have， 主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，用has. 否定句相應用havent， hasnt， 或dont have ， doesnt have， 疑問句將have， has 提至主語前面或加助動詞do， does.

　　My sister has a lot of toys.

　　She always have a lot of homework to do.

　　Has she/Does she have any money on her？

　　They dont have/havent much experience.

　　當have 作實義動詞，如have a look， have breakfast， have lunch， have supper時，句子的謂語形式與其他實義動詞相同。

　　Lets have a look at the picture.

　　I always have breakfast at home.

　　She often has lunch in the dinning hall.

　　always、often通常放在系動詞之后，實意動詞之前。

　　1. It is an accepted custom in our country for men to remove their hats when a woman ______ the room.

　　A. enter     B. enters         C. entering      D. entered

　　wheh狀語從句中的主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，

　　答案 B

　　2. “Im leaving now. ”

　　“Make sure _______ the door.”

　　A. you lock    B. youll lock     C. for locking      D. locking

　　make sure+動詞原型或句子。

　　答案 A

　　3. Jean could be a very attractive girl but she ________ to her clothes.

　　A. pays no attention            B. paying no attention

　　C. was paying attention          D. had paid attention

　　答案 A

　　4. “How does Alma like her new work？”

　　“She _______ with the hours.”

　　A. cant satisfy      B. isnt satisfied

　　C. doesnt satisfy          D. hasnt satisfied

　　be satisfied with 對……滿意

　　答案 B

　�。ǘ�）一般過去時

　　一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或情況，包括過去的習慣性動作。常與表示過去的時間狀語連用。如：a minute ago， yesterday， last week， in 1990， during the night， in those days. 用過去時時， 說“過多少時間之后”， 一般用 after， 不用in.

　　一般過去時的謂語形式：

　　1.動詞為實義動詞時，謂語用動詞的過去式，否定句在原形前加did not， 疑問句加助動詞did. 如：

　　John suddenly fell ill yesterday.（fall-fell-fallen）

　　My mother didnt look well when I saw her last time.

　　It happened after four days.

　　Did they go to Canada last week？

　　Nothing happened since then.

　　He went out just now.（just now 剛才）

　　A book that cost a few jiao several years ago is worth 30 yuan now.

　　2.動詞為be， 主語是I 或第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語用was， 其他情況用were.  如

　　They were classmates when they were ten years old.

　　She was once a doctor but now she has retired .

　　Why were you absent from school yesterday？

　　3. 動詞為have 時，肯定句謂語用had. 表示“有”時，否定句可用had not，疑問句將had 提至主語前面，也可與have作實義動詞時相同，即否定句用didnt have， 疑問句加助動詞did.如：

　　They didnt have any money left and they couldnt afford the house.

　　She didnt have any rest at noon and continued to work.

　　Did you have dinner with Mr. Wang at that famous restaurant the day before yesterday？

　　We had a big factory forty years ago.

　　1. John was finishing his assignments when his father _______ home from work.

　　A. came        B. comes         C. has come        D. is coming

　　主句為過去時，狀語從句也為過去時。

　　答案 A

　　2. The first zoological garden in the United States _________ in Philadelphia in 1874.（zoo）

　　A. had established             B. has established

　　C. was established             D. established

　　考試時應先考慮句子是主動還是被動，然后再考慮時態(tài)。

　　動物園應該是被建

　　A、D都是主動語態(tài)。

　　答案 C

　　（三）現(xiàn)在進行時

　　現(xiàn)在進行時主要表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作�？膳cnow， at present， at this moment， these days等時間狀語連用。

　　現(xiàn)在進行時的謂語形式：am / is / are +現(xiàn)在分詞。

　　What are you doing， Jack？

　　Were trying to plan our future.

　　The train is now rapidly approaching the city.（approach 接近）

　　Life is changing all the time.

　　The woman who is standing here is my mother.

　　動詞go， come， leave， stay， arrive， die 等用于進行時態(tài)中，可以表示將要進行的動作。

　　The bus is leaving， please hurry up.

　　Its going to rain. Dont forget to take the umbrella.

　　My uncle is coming to see us this weekend.

　　The boy is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.（leave for 動身）

　　1. Health experts in many countries still ________ their ideas about the relationships between our food and our health.

　　A. have tested     B. tested       C. are testing       D. test

　　still（仍舊）一般用于進行時。

　　still一般放在系動詞后面，實義動詞前面。

　　答案 C

　　2. What is this noise？ Tell me what _______ here.

　　A. went on      B. goes on         C. is going on      D. will go on

　　答案 C

　　（四）過去進行時

　　過去進行時主要表示過去某個時刻或一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作。

　　過去進行時的謂語形式：was / were + 現(xiàn)在分詞。

　　My son was practicing the piano this time yesterday evening.

　　When I called him， he was having his breakfast.

　　While we were having a meeting， Mary came in and told us the terrible news.

　　I was leaving the room when the telephone rang.

　　1. James has just arrived， but I didnt know he _____ until yesterday.

　　A. will come     B. was coming   C. had been coming    D. comes

　　現(xiàn)在完成時表明的是過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。

　　had been過去完成時，表示過去的過去。

　　was coming用過去進行時表示將要的動作。

　　答案 B

　　2. “What were you doing when Anna phoned you？”

　　“I had just finished my work and _______ to take a bath.

　　A. starting      B. to start        C. have started        D. was starting

　　what were you doing提問的是過去進行時。

　　答案 D

　�。ㄎ澹┮话銓�來時

　　一般將來時主要表示準備做的事、將要發(fā)生的動作情況、按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事。

　　一般將來時的謂語形式：

　　1.am / is / are going to +動詞原形

　　2.will / shall +動詞原形（shall用于第一人稱）

　　3.am / is / are +不定式

　　Well have eggs and toast for breakfast this morning.

　　How are you going to spend your summer vacation？

　　I think its going to rain.

　　We are going to the zoo tomorrow.

　　The factory is to go into production.

　　The line is to be opened to traffic on May Day.

　　The machine wont work.

　　The meeting wont last long.

　　be about to  可表示即將做某事。

　　He is about to leave.

　　My mother is about to retire.

　　一般將來時有時還可以用來表示一種傾向。

　　Crops will die without water.

　　Whenever I have time， Ill go and see you.

　　Whoever fails to see this will make a big mistake.

　　Oil will float on water.

　　用Shall I…？ Shall we…？ 開頭可以表示征求對方的意見�？隙ɑ卮鹩� “Yes， please”或 “Please do”； 否定回答用 “No， please dont ” 等來回答。

　　——Shall I close the window， its too cold here.

　　——Yes， please. （No， Please dont.）

　　——Shall we call a taxi？

　　——Yes， lets. （No， I dont think we shall.）

　　時間和條件狀語主句是將來時，從句中一般不能用將來時態(tài)，而用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)代替。

　　Liping will let you have the book when he is through.（主動語態(tài)里let后面再出現(xiàn)動詞省略to）

　　We shall help you if you ask us.

　　Ill ask my mother as soon as she comes.

　　It will be six years before we meet again.

　　She will miss the train unless she hurries up.

　　1. No matter how much _______， it well be worth it.

　　A. will the watch cost        B. the watch will cost

　　C. does the watch cost        D. the watch costs

　　狀語從句主句將來時從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。

　　how much+主語+謂語

　　單問表的價錢：How much does the watch cost？

　　答案 D

　　2. Although he promised to change， Im still wondering when he ______ able to put his heart into his studies.

　　A. was       B. will be         C. be         D. were

　　be able to do

　　選項C中when是時間狀語從句，謂語不直接跟系動詞be.

　　答案 B

　　3. “Will Susan get her Ph.D.？”

　　“It is likely that she _______.”

　　A. will         B. does       C. will do it         D. gets it

　　用將來時提問直接用將來時回答即可。

　　答案 A

　　4. “Did you visit Grace last summer？”

　　“No， but I ______ her over the Christmas vacation.”

　　A. will see      B. be seen     C. have seen      D. have been seeing

　　答案 A

　　5. Mr. And Mrs. Zhang are going to Brazil next week and they _______ to Mexico later in the month.

　　A. will go      B. would go       C. went         D. have gone

　　答案 A

　　6. “Are there going to be many people at your party today？”

　　“We hope that _________.”

　　A. there will be    B. there is       C. there are      D. there are going to

　　答案 A

　　7. “When will the plane arrive？”

　　“Ill tell you when I _______.”

　　A. will find out             B. find out

　　C. am finding out           D. have been finding out

　　時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中主句為將來時則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。

　　find out 查出原因

　　find 發(fā)現(xiàn)    look for 尋找

　　答案 B

　　（六）過去將來時

　　過去將來時主要表示在過去某個時間打算要做的事，或從過去某個時間看來將要發(fā)生的事。過去將來時常用于間接引語中。

　　過去將來時的謂語形式：

　　1.was / were going to +動詞原形

　　2.would / should +動詞原形

　　3.was / were to +動詞原形

　　We never imagined that my sister would become a doctor.

　　He said he would come back the next day.

　　I thought you wouldnt have any objection to it.（objection to sth. 反對某事）

　　We were sure we would win final victory.

　　He informed us the train was to leave at six .

　　I didnt know when they were going to come again.

　　He was about to get there when it began to rain.

　　You knew I would come.

　　1. They thought it ________ fun to take the car.

　　A. can be       B. will be      C. would be      D. has been

　　答案 C

　　2. “Has John finished the report？”

　　“No， he knew that he _________ time to finish it by tomorrow.”

　　A. wont have                 B. will have

　　C. wouldnt have              D. shall not have

　　答案 C

　�。ㄆ撸┈F(xiàn)在完成時

　　現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的但對現(xiàn)在有影響的動作，或從過去某個時間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還會持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。

　　現(xiàn)在完成時的謂語形式：have / has +過去分詞。

　　現(xiàn)在完成時常常與for， since 等表示一段時間的狀語連用，副詞 just， already， yet， never， ever， lately， recently， so far等也常用于現(xiàn)在完成時中。

　　The car has arrived.

　　My parents have had a good education.

　　I have bought a dictionary.

　　The delegation has already left.

　　So far we have only discussed the first two chapters.

　　We havent had much rain this winter.

　　I have just received a letter from my parents.

　　（just already never ever放在have、has后面，過去分詞前面）

　　We havent reached an agreement yet.

　　Have they got the plan yet？

　　My mother has been a teacher for thirty years and now she has retired. （她退休已經(jīng)十年了不能用She has been retired for ten years表達，retire不能表一段延續(xù)的時間，有for或since時謂語動詞一定是可以表延續(xù)的動詞）

　　My mother has been a teacher since she graduated from the university.

　　My mother has been a teacher since ten years ago.

　　for接一段延續(xù)的時間，since后接過去時的句子或時間狀語。

　　I have been here since last October.

　　My sister has caught a bad cold.

　　She has been ill for a week.

　　完成時態(tài)的運用還應注意以下兩點

　　1.come， go ， leave， arrive， begin， start， become， join， get up 等表示短暫性動作的動詞，不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，這些動作需用表示狀態(tài)的詞替代。

　　I have had this coat for one year. （ 替代have bought）

　　My uncle has been back for two days. （替代 has come back）

　　The train has been away for an hour. （替代 has left）

　　The twin brothers have been in the army for three years. （替代have joined the army）

　　The film has been on for ten minutes. （替代 has begun）

　　Weve been up for two hours.（替代 have got up）

　　2.have been to 與 have gone to 的區(qū)別

　　have been to 表示“去過某地”或“去干過某事”，人現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了；have gone to 表示“去某地了”或“去干某事了”，人還沒有回來。

　　We have been to the Great Wall.

　　Ive been to see a doctor.

　　I have been to the library.

　　He has gone to the library.

　　Where is Xiao Wang？ -He has gone to Shanghai.

　　1. “Whos that good-looking girl Frank is dancing with？”

　　“I dont know. I ______ her before.”

　　A. had never seen               B. was never seeing

　　C. have never seen               D. never seen

　　答案 C

　　2. “Sorry， Im a little bit late.”

　　“Oh， I ______ here just a few minutes.”

　　A. have been     B. had been       C. am         D. will be

　　答案 A

　　3. “What a boring speaker！”

　　“Yes， by the time he finishes， everyone ________.”

　　A. was asleep       B. will asleep     C. has been asleep   D. slept

　　asleep只能放在系動詞后面。

　　答案 C

　　4. We used to go skating in Michigan every winter， but I ______ for the past five seasons.

　　A. dont go     B. havent gone     C. am not going    D. didnt go

　　答案 B

　　used to do 過去常常做某事

　　5. Lead _______ as a material for sculpture since the time of the early Greeks.

　　A. has used    B. used     C. being used        D. has been used

　　答案 D

　　6. “When did you decide to be a doctor？”

　　“Let me see. Im twenty， and I have wanted to be a doctor since ______.”

　　A. ten years      B. ten years ago     C. I was ten     D. Both B and C

　　since接過去時的句子或過去時的狀語

　　答案 D

　　（八）現(xiàn)在完成進行時

　　現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示在現(xiàn)在以前這段時間里一直在進行的動作，該動作可能仍在進行，也可能已經(jīng)停止了一會兒。

　　現(xiàn)在完成進行時的謂語形式：have / has been +現(xiàn)在分詞。

　　Weve just been talking about you.

　　Ive been sitting here all afternoon.

　　How long has it been snowing？

　　I have been wanting to meet you for a long time.

　　Recently he has been doing his work quite regularly.

　　所有的動詞都可以有現(xiàn)在完成進行時，但是有些動詞用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時意義差別不大，有些則只能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時中。

　　Hes been shaving since last year. （不能用has shaved）

　　Youve been saying that for two years. （不能用have said ）

　　My father has been writing letters all this morning.（不能用has written）

　　Ive been going to the same grocers since we lived here. （不能用have gone）

　　How long have you been waiting for me？ （可以用have waited）

　　My family has been living here for ten years.（可以用has lived）

　　有些動詞不表延續(xù)不可以用在現(xiàn)在完成時，但所有動詞都可以用在現(xiàn)在完成進行時。

　　1. “Who has been planning the dance？”

　　“Everyone in the club ________.”

　　A. is         B. are        C. have        D. has

　　答案 D

　　2. Though they _______ side by side for twenty years， the two neighbors are not very friendly.

　　A. having been lived            B. had been living

　　C. have been living            D. having been living

　　答案 C

　　3. “You havent got the textbook for my chemistry course yet.”

　　“I know， and we _______ to get it for the last five weeks.”

　　A. have been trying           B. had tried

　　C. will be trying                D. will have been trying

　　for the last five weeks表示延續(xù)的時間狀語

　　答案 A

　�。ň牛┻^去完成時

　　過去完成時表示在過去某個時間或動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或情況，簡單地說就是表示“過去的過去”。

　　過去完成時的謂語形式：had +過去分詞。

　　When we got to the theatre， the play had already started.

　　He suddenly remembered that he hadnt locked the door when he left.

　　By the end of that year we had trained more than 1，000 employees.

　　They had been married many years before a child was born to them.

　　No sooner had we left the school than it began to rain.（no sooner…than= as soon as 一……就……，no sooner開頭的句子要倒裝）

　�。ㄊ�）過去完成進行時

　　表示動作在過去某一時間之前開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去時間。這個時態(tài)必須以一過去的時間為前提。

　　過去完成進行時的謂語形式：had been+現(xiàn)在分詞

　　I had been looking for it four days before I found it.

　　The telephone had been ringing for three minutes before it was answered.

　　It had been raining for two days. The fields were all under water.

　　At last we got the letter we had been expecting.

　　1. “How long had you been waiting before Mr. Winter finally arrived？”

　　“Well， he came at three oclock， and I _______ the day before.”

　　A. had waited after              B. had been waiting since

　　C. was waiting from              D. had been waiting for

　　等某人 wait for sb.

　　for接一段延續(xù)的時間，since接過去時間狀語或過去時句子。

　　答案 B

　�。ㄊ�一）　將來完成時

　　表示在將來某一時間之前完成的動作，并往往對將來某一時間產(chǎn)生影響。

　　將來完成時的謂語形式： will （shall） have+ 過去分詞

　　I shall have finished reading the book by the end of this week.

　　Before long， he will have forgotten all about the matter.（before long 不久）

　　How many words will you have learnt by the end of the term？

　　When we get there theyll probably have left.

　　He will have finished his term paper by the end of this month.

　　1. My niece has been to Sumatra（蘇門達臘） and Iran（伊朗） as well as all of Europe. By the time shes twenty， she ______ almost everywhere.

　　A. will be     B. would be        C. will have been   D. would have been

　　答案 C

　　2. By the time you get to Greenwich you ________ the most historic parts of London.

　　A. will be seeing           B. will see

　　C. are going to see         D. will have seen

　　答案 D

　　主要復習了動詞的十一個時態(tài)。重點記憶主句將來時，時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時�，F(xiàn)在完成時中for和since的區(qū)別，for接一段連續(xù)的時間狀語，since接過去時句子或過去的時間狀語。有for或since的現(xiàn)在完成時句子中，動詞只可以是表延續(xù)的動詞�，F(xiàn)在完成進行時可以接所有的動詞。

　　進行時態(tài)的運用往往根據(jù)上下文來決定。

　　Be quiet， everybody. The students of Class One are having a listening test.

　　When I was cooking these potatoes， I forgot to put any salt in it.

　　在運用完成時態(tài)時，應特別注意表示瞬息間動作的動詞不能與for 引導的一段時間狀語連用。

　　瞬息間動詞往往須換成“be+副詞/介詞結(jié)構(gòu)”的形式，或選用句式“It is / has been + 時間狀語 + since ……”來表態(tài)。

　　1.“Have the visitors arrived？”

　　“Yes， they have been here for an hour.”

　　2.By the time we got to the cinema， the film _______ for half an hour.

　　A. has begun     B. had begun      C. has been on          D. had been on

　　（begun不表延續(xù)，答案 D）

　　3.It has been less than three months since she joined the army. / she has been in the army for less than three months.（不能說 She has joined the army for less than three months.）

　　過去完成時也是一個相對的時態(tài)，是在過去的某個時間或動作之前發(fā)生的事。

　　1.He has already gone home. But before he left， he _________ all the mistakes in his translation.

　　A. had corrected    B. has corrected      C. would correct    D. will correct

　�。ù鸢� A）

　　2.He showed me the pictures he had taken of the animals the day before.

　　過去將來時也是一個相對的時態(tài)，是在過去的某個時間看將要發(fā)生的事。

　　I had a discussion with my tutor and hoped he would give us an early reply.

　　He said they were going to spend the weekend in the countryside.

　　四、被動語態(tài)

　�。ㄒ唬┍粍诱Z態(tài)的構(gòu)成：be+過去分詞

　　一般現(xiàn)在時           am / is / are +過去分詞

　　一般過去時           was / were +過去分詞

　　一般將來時           shall / will + be +過去分詞

　　過去將來時           should / would + be +過去分詞

　　現(xiàn)在進行時           am / is / are + being +過去分詞

　　過去進行時           was / were + being +過去分詞

　　現(xiàn)在完成時           have / has + been +過去分詞

　　過去完成時           had been +過去分詞

　　情態(tài)動詞            情態(tài)動詞+ be +過去分詞

　�。ǘ�）被動語態(tài)的基本用法

　　當句子的主語和謂語呈被動關(guān)系，即主語是動作的承受者時（相對于執(zhí)行者），謂語要用被動語態(tài)。具體說來，被動語態(tài)主要用于以下兩種情況：

　　1.不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者。

　　Printing was introduced into Europe from China.

　　Such books are written for children.

　　Everything has been taken away.

　　When will the museum be opened for the public？

　　I was born in 1980.

　　2.動作的承受者是談話的中心。

　　The composition was written with great care.

　　These questions are settled through negotiation.（negotiation 談判）

　　The flowers will be planted next week.

　　He is said to be a good teacher.

　　For this he was often made fun of.（make fun of 開玩笑）

　　若要同時將動作的執(zhí)行者表達出來，往往可以在執(zhí)行者前面加上by.

　　Im puzzled by what the teacher has said.

　　The door was locked by me when I left the room last night.

　　The construction of the road has been held up by a flood.（hold up 阻礙、阻擋）

　　He was sent to school by his parents when he was only five years old.

　　（三）被動句與主動句的關(guān)系

　　被動句的主語實際上是主動句的賓語，主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，主語往往被省略。

　　We asked the teacher to explain the difficult sentences again.-The teacher was asked to explain the difficult sentences again.

　　I found a poor girl lying on the ground.-The poor girl was found lying on the ground.

　　My mother bought me a pair of new shoes.-I was bought a pair of new shoes； -A pair of new shoes was bought for me.

　　When we came to the theatre， we found all the seats occupied.-When we came to the theatre， all the seats were found occupied.

　　They paint their houses white in spring.-Their houses are painted white in spring.

　　The people in the town recognize him as a genius.-He is recognized as a genius by the people in the town.

　　有些動詞，如let， make， hear， see， watch， notice， have（讓，使）， feel 等，在主動語態(tài)中，其后面的不定式作賓語補足語時to 被省略，但在被動語態(tài)中需將to表達出來。在被動語態(tài)中，如果一個簡單句中有兩個動詞，后一動詞一定要加to.

　　I saw him turn round the corner.-He was seen to turn round the corner.

　　The teacher made the students copy the sentences many times until they could make sentences themselves.-The students were made to copy the sentences many times until they could make sentences themselves.

　　含有被動意義的主動語態(tài)：

　�。�1）某些連系動詞，如smell， taste， sound， prove， feel.

　　The flowers smell sweet.

　　The food tastes nice.

　�。�2） 某些與cant， wont 等連用的不及物動詞， 如move， lock， shut， open.

　　It cant move.（不能說 It cant be moved.）

　　The door wont shut.

　�。�3） 某些可和well， easily等副詞連用的不及物動詞，如read， write， wash， clean， draw， burn， cook.

　　The cloth washes well.

　　The poem reads smoothly.

　　The meat is cooking.

　　動詞的語態(tài)部分主要應掌握被動語態(tài)的基本用法及其在不同的時態(tài)中的表現(xiàn)形式。

　　1.It remains a question when the new classroom building _________.

　　A. will be completed  B. had been completed

　　C. would be completed  D. has been completed

　�。ù鸢� A）

　　2.My mother knows Jane； they _____ to each other at a party.

　　A. have been introduced         B. are introduced

　　C. were introduced               D. had been introduced

　�。ㄖ鲃诱Z態(tài)：introduce sb. to sb.）

　�。ù鸢� C）

　　被動語態(tài)部分還須特別注意動詞make， hear， see等詞，其后面用動詞不定式作補足語時，to 應該保留。

　　Those who wont work should be made to work.

　　The teacher was made to give up his teaching because of poor health.（give up 放棄；health 名詞；healthy 形容詞；breath 名詞；breathe 動詞）

　　1. In modern times， great female chefs have become known， and some of the best cook books _______ by women.

　　A. have written    B. are written    C. were written    D. have been written

　　答案 D

　　2. ________  a new shopping center will be built here next year.

　　A. He is said      B. It has said     C. It is said      C. It says

　　It is said that 據(jù)說

　　答案 C

　　3. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before they _______ fully.

　　A. accept      B. receive      C. are accepted       D. are received

　　they 指代new ideas

　　receive：1.收到別人給予的東西，不含收件人是否愿意接受之義。

　　I received a letter from a good friend of mine yesterday.

　　2.也可表示“得到”， “領(lǐng)受”，“遭受”之意。

　　The book was favorably received by the public.

　　Accept： “收到”，強調(diào)主觀意愿決定“接受”，“收授”。而receive只表示收到，不一定接受。

　　She received a gift from him， but did not accept it.

　　receive 與 accept 在表示贊成某一看法，意見時可以換用。

　　The moral code is now received / accepted by all.

　　答案 C

　　4. In some parks visitors _________ to keep off the grass.

　　A. request      B. requests      C. are requested     D. is requested

　　keep off 遠離

　　答案 C

　　5. He remembered ________ to the zoo by his father when he was little.

　　A. taking     B. being taken       C. to have taken     D. have been taken

　　remeber doing 記得過去做的事情

　　答案 B

　　6. English ________ in a new way at my college in the past few years.

　　A. has been teaching           B. was being taught

　　C. has been taught             D. had been taught

　　in the past few years 近幾年�，F(xiàn)在完成時

　　答案 C

　　7. All the machines _______ next month.

　　A. will be repaired               B. will repair

　　C. will have repaired             D. will have repair

　　被動語態(tài)必不可少的時系動詞be

　　答案 A

　　8. The rooms were then empty and most of them _______.

　　A. have shut up            B. had shut up

　　C. have been shut up         D. had been shut up

　　答案 D

　　9. When they had finished playing， the children were made _______ all the toys they had taken out.

　　A. put away                     B. to put away

　　C. putting away                 D. be put away

　　put away 將某物收起來，放入箱子或抽屜

　　答案 B

　　分析句子首先要判斷主語能不能發(fā)出謂語的動作，如果不能發(fā)出動作，就選擇被動語態(tài)，然后再考慮不同的時態(tài)。

　　五、情態(tài)動詞

　　情態(tài)動詞有can， could， may， might， must， should， ought to， need， dare， had better， would rather 等。情態(tài)動詞相當于助動詞，不能單獨使用，必須再接動詞原型。ought to 整個相當于情態(tài)動詞，否定是在情態(tài)動詞后加not，但是ought to的否定是ought not to.

　　1.can， could

　　表示能力、允許、客觀可能性。

　　She is only four， but she can read.

　　Is there anything that I can do for you？

　　This sort of thing cant go on.

　　I couldnt follow her speech.

　　Could you lend me your bike？

　　Fire cant destroy gold.真金不怕火練

　　2.may， might

　　表示允許、猜測。

　　The dialect of one province may be quite different from that of the next one.

　　Students may not stay out after midnight without written permission.（stay out 在外邊待的很晚）

　　He asked his mother if he might go out to play.

　　“May I open the window？” “Yes， please./ Please dont./ No， you mustnt.” （may 如果要否定用mustnt，could和might用在現(xiàn)在時表委婉的說法）

　　3.must

　　表示“肯定”、“準是”，還可以表示“必須”，與have to 意思接近，但must 側(cè)重說明主觀看法，have to 強調(diào)客觀需要。must時主觀表達方式，have to是客觀表達方式。mustnt 表示“千萬不要”、“一定不要”。

　　If you must go， at least you wait till the rain is over.

　　Teachers always tell us we must do everything step by step.

　　——Must I go tomorrow？

　　——No， you neednt.（Yes， Im afraid so. must一般疑問句的否定用neednt來回答）

　　He has to tidy up the room everyday.（tidy up 打掃干凈）

　�。℉e must tidy up the room everyday.）

　　We have to study a foreign language.

　　You mustnt talk like that to your parents.

　　4.ought to ， should

　　表示應該做的事和非�？赡艿氖隆�

　　You ought to go to see a doctor for you dont look well.

　　You shouldnt talk like that.

　　The old man said you ought to tell the police.

　　You oughtnt to smoke so much everyday.

　　The work ought to be finished by next Friday.

　　The book should be available in the bookstore. （available 可得到的）

　　5.need

　　表示“需要”。need可以當情態(tài)動詞，也可以做實義動詞。

　　Need I come？-Yes， you must.（No， you neednt）

　　All you need do is to say yes to his questions.

　　He said he neednt hurry.

　　need 還可以作實義動詞，后面接動名詞時相當于被動結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　You dont need to stay.（=You neednt say. ）

　　Does he need to know it？（= Need he know it？）

　　needs/ wants/ requires +doing相當于被動語態(tài)。

　　The question needs/ wants/ requires discussing.（=needs to be discussed.）

　　My shoes need repairing.（My shoes need to be repaired.）

　　物作主語時need接doing表被動。

　　6.dare

　　表示“敢”，也可以作實義動詞，主要用于否定句、疑問句。

　　The boss is so hot-tempered that no one dare tell him the bad news.（so……that 如此……以至于）

　　Who dare stop you？

　　He doesn‘t dare to look out of the window.

　　情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱性數(shù)的變化，有人稱性數(shù)變化的一定是實義動詞。

　　She dare not say what she thinks.（=She doesn‘t dare to say what she thinks.）

　　7.had better

　　表示“最好”。否定為 had better not

　　I had better not disturb him.

　　We had better go and see the doctor now.

　　8.would rather

　　表示“寧愿”，后面接從句時，從句的謂語用一般過去時。否定用would rather not.

　　I‘d rather not say anything.

　　John would rather work in a company than in a factory.

　　She would rather have the small oranges than the large ones.

　　I would rather you came tomorrow.

　　（would sooner 遲早，后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，一般過去時。）

　　I would sooner she left the heavy end of the work to someone else.

　　有些情態(tài)動詞，如can， could， may， might， must， ought to， should 后面可以接動詞的完成形式，表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事的猜測或?qū)�應該發(fā)生的事的看法。

　　They shouldn‘t have left so soon.

　　They must have been through a lot.

　　I needn‘t have told them that.

　　He can‘t have left for Shanghai for I saw him a moment ago.

　　How could you have forgotten such an important thing？

　　They must have arrived by now.

　　You oughtn‘t to have done that.

　　She looks so miserable. You oughtn‘t to have hurt her feelings.

　　“I was late yesterday because my car broke down. ”（broke的原型是break，這里表拋錨的意思） “You should have borrowed mine. I wasn‘t using it. ”

　　情態(tài)動詞部分除了應了解每個詞的具體含義之外，情態(tài)動詞的否定是在后面加not.特別要注意had bette和would rather的否定。ought to的否定是ought not to.would rather后面接句子只能用一般過去時。can、could、may、might、must、ought to、should后接動詞完成式表示對過去事情的猜測。

　　“may/might + 現(xiàn)在完成時”表示“也許已經(jīng)……了”；

　　“must + 現(xiàn)在完成時”表示“肯定……了”；

　　“can / could + 現(xiàn)在完成時”表示“本來是能夠……的（實際上未）”；

　　“should/ought to + 現(xiàn)在完成時”表示“本應該……（實際上未）”。

　　1.That was in March. You may / might have read about it in the newspapers.

　　2.The house is dark； the Browns _______ to bed.

　　A. may go      B. should go     C. should have gone    D. must have gone

　�。ù鸢� D）

　　3.Her husband could have helped her， but he chose not to.（choose）

　　4.You _______ yesterday if you were really serious about the job.

　　A.ought to come  B. ought come  C. ought to have come  D. ought have come

　�。ù鸢� C serious 嚴肅的）

　　此外，考生還應注意need和dare這兩個詞，它除了是情態(tài)動詞外，還可以是實義動詞，在不同的情況下用法有差別

　　1.To travel from England to Scotland you _______ a passport.

　　A. mustn‘t have    B. haven’t got     C. don‘t need   D.   needn’t

　�。ㄇ閼B(tài)動詞后要接動詞原型 答案 C）

　　2.The house needs ________， but they plan to wait until next spring to do it.

　　A. paint    B. to paint      C. painting      D. be painted

　　（答案 C）

　　1. “Do you have to leave？”

　　“Sorry ， but I really _____.”

　　A. have       B. had to        C. do so       D. must

　　答案 D

　　2. I want to go to the dentist， but you ________ with me.

　　A. needn‘t to go             B. needn’t go

　　C. don‘t need go            D. need go

　　neent為情態(tài)動詞，后接動詞原型

　　dont need為實義動詞，后面接to

　　答案 B

　　3. “______ you pass me the salt？”

　　“Sure. Here you are .”

　　A. Might      B. Must      C. Could           D. Need

　　答案 C

　　4. “I haven‘t felt well for a week.”

　　“You ______ see a doctor.”

　　A. have ought ot                 B. had better

　　C. should have to                 D. would rather

　　答案 B

　　5. “Doesn‘t Elaine want to see that movie？”

　　“Yes， but she says _______ go tonight.”

　　A. she‘ll rather not             B. she’d rather not

　　C. she‘d not rather              D. she won’t rather

　　would rather的否定詞放在rather的后面，動詞的前面。

　　答案 B

　　6. “Listen， Mary is singing in the next room.”

　　“That ______ be Mary. She‘s in hospital.”

　　A. may not      B. shouldn‘t      C. should have gone      D. can’t

　　答案 D

　　7. John ______ a restless person. He kept moving from country to country.

　　A. must be     B. should go     C. must have been  D. must have gone

　　答案 C

　　8. I can‘t find Tom anywhere. I think he ____ to the library.

　　A. may go     B. must go      C. must have gone    D. should have gone

　　should have gone 應該……而實際上沒……

　　答案 C

　　9. “What‘s the matter with that picture on the wall？”

　　“It needs _________.”

　　A. straightening   B. to be straightening    C. straightened    D. straighten

　　答案 A

　　10. “Tom graduated from college at a very young age.”

　　“He _________ an outstanding student.”

　　A. must be     B. could be      C. must have been     D. should have been

　　對過去推測，情態(tài)動詞后接現(xiàn)在完成時。

　　答案 C

　　11. The old lade needs ________ after her shock.

　　A. to comfort   B. comforting   C. to be comforted    D. Both B and C

　　答案 D

　　六、非謂語動詞

　　非謂語動詞包括不定式、動名詞和分詞。否定形式在前面加not.

　�。ㄒ唬┎欢ㄊ剑簍o +動詞原形

　　簡單句中如果已經(jīng)有一個動詞做謂語，那么再有一個動詞就要在這個動詞前加to做不定式。不定式在句子中可以作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語等。

　　To see is to believe.（眼見為實）

　　有時用it做形式主語，真正的主語放在句子最后。

　　It only took us a year to finish the work.

　　Once you get into the habit of smoking， you‘ll find it extremely difficult to get out of it.（get into the habit 養(yǎng)成……習慣）

　　She likes to play basketball this afternoon.

　　The important thing is to save people.

　　Not to grasp firmly is not to grasp at all.（不定式的否定放在to的前面）

　　She was the first person to think of the idea. （think of 想起）

　　He is always the first to come and last to leave the office.

　　I have nothing to say on the problem.

　　They warned him not to let out the secret.（let out 泄露）

　　We are all happy to hear of the good news.

　　Let‘s hurry so as not to be late for the meeting. （so as to do sth. 以便為了做某事）

　　如果not不是放在to的前面，那么它不是否定不定式而是否定整個句子。

　　They didn‘t warn him to let out the secret.

　　They warn him not to let out the secret.

　�。ㄒ唬┎欢ㄊ剑簍o +動詞原形

　　不定式在let， have， make （讓， 使）， see，  look at， notice， hear， listen to， feel 等后面作賓語補足語時to 應省略，在被動語態(tài)中to應保留。

　　The coach has the team practice hard every night in the past two years.

　　I saw a man come into the classroom and talk with the teacher.

　　Don‘t forget to have him come tonight.

　　We felt the house shake.

　　The house was felt to shake.

　　Someone was heard to come up the stairs.

　　在help 后， 不定式可以帶to 也可以不帶to.

　　Help me （to） get him to bed.

　　He help her lift the box.

　　He helped her to mount the bike.

　　She was helped to lift the box.

　　當不定式和其修飾的詞有動賓關(guān)系時，動詞如果是不及物動詞，后面就要有必要加介詞。

　　There is nothing to worry about.

　　Is this something to be ashamed of ？

　　I need a pen to write with.

　　Give me some paper to write on.

　　Let‘s find a room to put the things in.

　　2.不定式的邏輯主語

　　不定式前面可以加for 或of引導的短語作邏輯主語，說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的，或不定式指的是誰的情況。

　　It is a great honor for us to be present at this party.

　　It will be a mistake for us not to help them.

　　It is hard for one to do a bit of good.

　　在某些形容詞如kind， good， nice， wise， unwise， clever， silly， wrong， right， foolish， stupid， careless， considerate， rude，  naughty， impolite等作表語時，用of引導短語。

　　It‘s kind of you to let me use your dictionary.

　　It‘s unwise of them to turn down the proposal.（turn down 拒絕）

　　It‘s very nice of you to attend our party tonight.

　　3.不定式的完成式、進行式、被動式

　　當不定式所表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生時，不定式要用完成式： to have +過去分詞；當不定式的動作與謂語所表示的動作同時發(fā)生時，不定式要用進行時：to be+現(xiàn)在分詞；當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式要用被動式：to be+過去分詞。完成式意味著不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，如果是進行時意味著不定式的動作和謂語動作同時發(fā)生，當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式要用被動式。

　　I‘m sorry to have given you so much trouble.

　　I meant to have told you about it， but I forgot to do so.

　　They seemed to be satisfied with the result.

　　This is the day not to be forgotten.

　　He wanted the letter to be typed at once.

　　They seem to be getting along quite well.

　　He pretended to be sleeping when his mother came in.

　　在有些結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式的邏輯主語雖然是不定式所表示的動作的承受者，不定式仍用主動形式

　　We have a lot of work to do.

　　Give me something to eat.

　　They found the book hard to understand.

　　He has no one to take care of. （take care 照顧、照料）

　　沒有什么人需要他照顧。

　　He has no one to take care of him.沒有誰照顧他。

　　一個簡單句同時出現(xiàn)兩個動詞時，在后面的動詞前加to.使意動詞和感觀動詞主動語態(tài)前不加to.不定式的完成式、進行式、被動式的概念。

　　不定式在句子中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語（主要是目的狀語）、賓語補足語。

　　1.“Where do you suggest going？”

　　“We promised _______ the children to the West Lake.”

　　A. taking      B. to take     C. taken        D. took

　�。╯uggest doing sth.或suggest that +（should）動詞原型）

　　（Where do you suggest that we should go？）/

　　（答案 B）

　　2.The city government must take action ________ the increasing population.

　　A. to control   B. controlling   C. controls       D. controlled

　�。ù鸢� A）

　　3.Pessimists warn us not _________ for pretty colors， since the car will come in gray.

　　A. ask     B. asking        C. to ask         D. to be asked

　�。ù鸢� C）

　　考生應特別注意在主動語態(tài)中，不定式在let， make ， have（使，讓）， see， hear 等詞后面作賓語補足語時，to 應省略，但在被動語態(tài)中to 應保留。

　　1.The workers asked the factory owner to let him go.

　　2.The children were made to repeat their parents‘ words for several times.

　　1. “I‘m sorry. Were you speaking to me ？”

　　“Yes， I was. Would you please _________ in this room？”

　　A. not to smoke            B. not smoke

　　C. no smoking              D. no smoke

　　would you please+動詞原型

　　答案 B

　　2. There was nothing they could do ______ calmly.

　　A. but wait           B. only to wait

　　C. except waiting       D. unless they waited

　　nothing they can do but do sth.

　　答案 A

　　3. Mr. Smith doesn‘t want _______ what to buy.

　　A. his wife tell him       B. for his wife to tell him

　　C. his wife to tell him        D. that his wife tells him

　　答案 C

　　4. Many parents allow their children _______ own decisions.

　　A. making their          B. making the

　　C. to make their          D. to make the

　　答案 C

　　5. “How can Mary get her money back？”

　　“I advised ______ to the manager.”

　　A. her speak             B. her to speak

　　C. that she speaks        D. a speech by her

　　答案 B

　　advise that+虛擬語氣

　　I advise that she should speak to the manager.

　　6. “My brother says he won‘t help us.”

　　“Oh， perhaps I can persuade him _______.”

　　A. to help    B. helping      C. for helping     D. that he helps

　　答案 A

　　7. Don‘t make him _______ it if he doesn’t want to .

　　A. do       B. to do        C. doing         D. that he do

　　答案 A

　　8. “Where are you going？”

　　“To help the neighbors _______ the dinner party.”

　　A. to get ready               B. get ready for

　　C. getting ready for           D. by getting ready

　　get ready for 為……準備

　　答案 B

　　9. “Can you ride a horse ？”

　　“No. I never had the chance ______.”

　　A. for learning            B. for learning how

　　C. how to learn it         D. to learn how

　　答案 D

　　10. I haven‘t got a chair _______.

　　A. to sit     B. to sit on      C. for me to sit     D. for sitting

　　答案 B

　　11. The city government must take action _______ the increasing population.

　　A. to control    B. controlling     C. controls     D. controlled

　　答案 A

　　12. “If John doesn‘t come to work on time， he may be fired.”

　　“Surely he isn‘t so foolish ______ not to realize that.”

　　A. as        B. that         C. and           D. but

　　not so/ as…as

　　答案 A

　　13. I wanted to go on a holiday last December， but there were so many things ______.

　　A. for me to do                B. for me to do them

　　C. that I need to do            D. I needed doing

　　答案 A

　　14. John admitted that it was always difficult ________ .

　　A. for him to be on time           B. for him being on time

　　C. to be on time for him            D. being on time for him

　　不定式有邏輯主語的話要放在不定式的前面

　　答案 A

　　15. She hopes _______ something from the sale.

　　A. to get    B. her to get       C. getting        D. she would be getting

　　對某人來說是for sb.

　　答案 A

　　16.  _______ Mrs. Johnson on my way to the shops.

　　A. It happened me that I found        B. It happened me that I met

　　C. I happened to find                D. I happened to meet

　　happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事

　　答案 D

　　17. I‘m not sure which restaurant ________ .

　　A. to eat     B. eating at       C. to eat at      D. for eating

　　答案 A

　　18. “I need only three more plates for the barbecue.”野餐

　　“I wish I had more _____.”

　　A. for you to lend              B. for leading you

　　C. that you could lend           D. to lend you

　　lend 某人東西借給別人

　　borrow 從別人那里借東西

　　borrow sth. from sb. 從別人那里借

　　lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.

　　答案 D

　　19. Tim sat near the fire _______ warm.（sit）

　　A. to get      B. for to get      C. for get         D. for getting

　　答案  A

　　20. “Has Fred told anyone else about his dismissal？”

　　“Yes， he decided ________.”

　　A. not keeping secret          B. not to keep it a secret

　　C. not to be kept secret        D. not to keep it secretly

　　dismissal 撤職

　　secret做名詞 秘密

　　secretly做副詞 偷偷摸摸地

　　答案 B

　　21. He ordered the work ______.

　　A. started at once            B. to start at once

　　C. to be started at once        D. at once start

　　答案 C

　　22. “Mr. Wilson is expected back at noon.”

　　“Would you have him _____ me then ， please？”

　　A. call      B. to call        C. calling        D. called

　　答案 A

　�。ǘ�）動名詞：動詞原形+ing （構(gòu)成方法與現(xiàn)在分詞相同）

　　1.動名詞的用法

　　動名詞在句子中可以作主語、表語、定語、賓語等。

　　Traveling abroad can be very exciting.（主語）

　�。ㄖ髡Z是物用exciting，主語是人用excited.（Im excited.））

　　Seeing is believing.

　　What he likes is playing chess after supper.

　　He hasnt much hope of realizing his wish.

　　She is afraid of going out alone at night. （be afraid of 害怕做某事）

　　As the three-day conference is coming to an end， the chairman is busy preparing the closing speech.（be busy doing 忙于做某事）

　　They dont approve of his way of looking at things.

　�。╝pprove of 贊成）

　　在句型It is no use / useless / useful / senseless， It is no good， It is worthwhile， It is a waste of time 等中，作主語的必須是動名詞。

　　It is no use crying now. Lets try to think out a way to solve the problem.（think out 想出……）

　　Its no good waiting outside. Lets walk home.

　　Its waste of time arguing about it.

　　Though it may take some time， it is worthwhile trying.

　　同樣的結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作形式賓語和賓語補足語時，真正的賓語也必須用動名詞

　　I dont think it good waiting for him now. Lets do our homework.

　　We agree it worthwhile trying it again.

　　She found it useless arguing with her parents about her marriage.

　　He thought it absolutely useless attempting the impossible.

　　Do you consider it good trying again？

　　2.動名詞作賓語

　　1）動名詞作介詞的賓語。

　　Theyre all opposed （objected ） to putting the meeting off.（oppose to 反對…… to是介詞 put off 推遲）

　　Ive been looking forward to attending the party for a long time.

　�。╨ook forward to 盼望做某事）

　　She is afraid of falling behind the others.

　　be afraid of： 害怕做某事，害怕發(fā)生某種后果；be afraid to do sth.：不敢做某事。Im afraid to go back home， for I cant pass the exam.

　　I dont feel like eating anything.

　　They prefer driving to walking. （prefer doing to doing）

　　She hurried back to school for fear of missing too many lessons.

　�。╢ear of 害怕）

　　The child is accustomed to sleeping alone.be accustomed to 習慣

　　注意used to和be used to， get used to的區(qū)別。used to 后面接動詞原形，表示“過去經(jīng)常干某事”， be used to 和 get used to 后面接名詞、代詞、動名詞，表示“習慣于某事”。

　　I used to be a teacher in this school.

　　She didnt use to recite so many new words a day.

　　My sister is used to walking to school alone.

　　My mother wasnt used to living in the city when she was alive.

　　2）動名詞作動詞的賓語

　　有些動詞， finish， stand（容忍）， avoid， suggest， cant help， mind， admit， enjoy， delay， practice， consider， deny， keep （on）， insist on， give up， have difficulty / trouble （in）等，后面必須接動名詞（不能接不定式）作賓語。

　　Would you mind filling out the form？

　　I havent finish doing my homework.

　　I enjoy walking along the river bank after supper.

　　As the price of the computer keeps （on） going down， more and more families can afford it.

　　The girl insists on living alone .

　　有些動詞，如remember， forget， need， want， try， mean， regret， stop， go on等，后面既可以接不定式又可接動名詞作賓語，但兩種結(jié)構(gòu)意義上有差別。

　　I remember seeing you once somewhere.（remember doing 記得過去的事情）

　　Please remember to bring the book next time when you come to my home.（remember to do sth. 記得要做的事情）

　　I regret not listening to your advice. （regret doing sth. 后悔做過某事）

　　I regret to inform you that youre dismissed from the company.（regret to do sth. 對未發(fā)生的事情感到遺憾）

　　Ill never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time. （forget doing 忘記過去的事情）

　　Dont forget to come earlier next time.（forget to do 忘記要做的事情）

　　She doesnt want（need） to come.（want 想）

　　The house wants（needs） cleaning.（want 后接doing主語一定是物）

　　Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.（try doing 試一試）

　　We must try to finish the assignment before the boss comes back.（try to do 設法做某事）

　　Failing in the exam means waiting for another year.（mean doing 意味著）

　　I meant to help you.（mean to do 打算做某事）

　　He stopped smoking last week.（stop doing 停止某事）

　　He stopped to smoke after he finished this article.（stop to do 停下來開始做另外一件事）

　　My good friend told me that I shouldnt go on living like that.（go on doing 繼續(xù)做某事）

　　Having visited the Tiananmen Square， the tourist guide went on to show us around the city.（go on to do 接下來干另一件事）

　　3.動名詞的邏輯主語

　　動名詞的邏輯主語說明動名詞所表示的動作是誰做的。物主代詞、人稱代詞賓格、名詞、名詞所有格都可以作動名詞的邏輯主語。

　　Do you mind my reading your book？（比較：Do you mind reading the book？）

　　Do you think there will be any chance of my seeing him again？

　　I remember mother once mentioning about it.

　　She hates people losing their tempers.（lose ones temper 發(fā)脾氣）

　　She insisted on their both attending the meeting.

　　The babys crying annoyed its mother.

　　4.動名詞的被動式、完成式

　　構(gòu)成： being + 過去分詞。當動名詞的邏輯主語或句子的主語是動名詞所表示的動作的承受者時，動名詞要用被動形式。

　　The problem is far from being settled.

　　My five-year-old son didnt mind being left at home the whole morning.

　　I couldnt bear being made fun of like that. （bear 容忍；make fun of 取笑）

　　The child avoided being sent to school by running away quickly.（avoid doing sth.）

　　當動名詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語表示的動作之前時，動名詞要用完成式。構(gòu)成：having+過去分詞。

　　She denied having shot the bird.

　　He was praised for having made such a great contribution to the factory.（make a contribution to 對……做貢獻）

　　I apologize for not having kept my promise.

　　We have no idea of his having been in the army for three years.

　　I dont remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.（remeber doing 記得過去發(fā)生的事情；動名詞完成時被動式，構(gòu)成為：having been + 過去分詞。）

　　在want， need， deserve ， require， be worth， 等動詞后，盡管表示的是被動的意思，卻用動名詞的主動形式。

　　My pen needs filling.

　　The question requires studying with great care.

　　Who needs looking after？

　　The place is worth visiting.

　　1. He used to ______ the first to arrive and the last to leave.

　　A. is        B. was         C. being        D. be

　　used to +動詞原型

　　答案 B

　　2. She ______ eat so many sweet things.

　　A. used to not            B. never used

　　C. didnt use to           D. didnt use

　　答案 C

　　3. Mr. Brown often wears a heavy coat because he is not used _____ in such a cold climate.

　　A. to live       B. to living      C. live        D. lived

　　答案 B

　　4. I like Jean but I dont like _______.

　　A. her sing    B. her singing        C. she sing        D. she singing

　　動名詞的邏輯主語可以由物主代詞和名詞代替。

　　答案 B

　　5. “Why is Fred so upset？”

　　“He isnt used ______ criticized.”

　　A. be        B. to be           C. to being         D. having been

　　答案 C

　　6. Do you remember _______ to Professor Smith during your last visit？

　　A. to be introduced             B. being introduced

　　C. having introduced             D. to have introduced

　　答案 B

　　主動語態(tài)中介紹某人 introduce sb. to sb.

　　7. “Is George really leaving the university？”

　　“Yes. But would you mind _______ to anyone？”

　　A. not mentioning it                 B. not to mention it

　　C. not mention it                    D. not to mentioning it

　　答案 A

　　8. Its no use _______ to get a bargain these days.

　　A. to expect        B. expected       C. expecting     D. to be expecting

　　it is no use doing

　　答案 C

　　9. She is looking forward as much to his return as he himself to _______ her.

　　A. have seen       B. see          C. seeing        D. be seen

　　答案 C

　　10. Its no use ________ your chickens before they are hatched.

　　A. counting      B. count        C. to count        D. of counting

　　蛋未孵勿先數(shù)；不要過早樂觀

　　答案 A

　　11. I thought it was worthwhile _______ a hundred miles to see the basketball game.

　　A. of driving      B. driving      C. drive        D. being driven

　　答案 B

　　12. When the little girl got back her answer sheet， she could not help _____.

　　A. from crying    B. to cry       C. herself from crying     D. crying

　　cant help doing

　　答案 D

　　13. I remember ______ my book somewhere but just cant find it.

　　A. put      B. to put        C. putting        D. to be putting

　　答案 C

　　14. Dont forget ________ the light when you leave the office.

　　A. to turn off    B. turning off      C. turned off      D. turn off

　　forget to do 忘記要做的事情

　　forget doing 忘記做過的事情

　　答案 A

　　15. Do you have any _______ the sentence ？

　　A. difficulty to understand          B. difficulty in understanding

　　C. difficulties at understanding       D. difficulties to understand

　　have any difficulty in doing sth.

　　答案 B

　　16. “If youd been here ten minutes earlier， you could have seen the doctor.”

　　“But I couldnt help ______. Traffic was heavy.”

　　A. to be late     B. being late      C. that I am late     D. lateness

　　答案 B

　　17. “How do you like your apartment？”

　　“Not very well. We are considering ________ our lease.”

　　A. not to renew                   B. to not renew

　　C. not renewing                  D. renewing not

　　consider doing sth.

　　lease 租約、租契

　　答案 C

　　18. “Jane hates to do her homework.”

　　“Thats natural！ No one ________ it.”

　　A. really enjoys doing              B. really is enjoying to do

　　C. enjoys to do it really             D. really enjoys to do

　　enjoy doing sth.

　　really 放在實義動詞前系動詞后

　　答案 A

　　19. Eric regretted _________ the earlier flight.

　　A. not to take                  B. to have not taken

　　C. not having taken             D. he would not take

　�。‥ric regretted not taking the earlier flight.）

　　答案 C

　　20. “Im very tired.”

　　“We really should stop _______ and go to bed.”

　　A. to study       B. studying       C. of studying       D. from studying

　　答案 B

　　21. I was lucky that the cars stopped _______ the dog.

　　A. avoided         B. to avoid      C. avoiding        D. to avoiding

　　答案 B

　　22. They will be as tall as you soon， if they ______.

　　A. would help growing like that      B. keep to grow like it

　　C. keep growing like that            D. will keep growing like that

　　答案 C

　�。ǘ�）動名詞

　　在句子中可以作主語、表語、定語、賓語�？忌鷳�特別注意有些動詞。如mind， enjoy， avoid后面作賓語的只能是動名詞，而有些只能是不定式，有些如remember， forget， stop 既可接動名詞又可接不定式，但意義有差別。

　　1.Would you mind ________ a little less noise？

　　A. to make    B. make       C. making        D. to have made

　�。ù鸢� C）

　　2.I remember ________ her at a party last weekend.

　　A. to meet     B. meeting      C. having met       D. to have

　　met（答案 B）

　　3.You must remember _________ back the umbrella tomorrow.

　　A. to bring     B. bringing      C. having brought  D. to have

　　brought（答案 A）

　�。ㄈ�）分詞

　　1.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別

　　現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動或表示動作正在進行。

　　China is a developing country.

　　His words made me thinking a lot.

　　過去分詞表示被動或動作已經(jīng)完成。

　　The United States is a developed country.

　　There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself heard.

　　2.分詞的用法

　　分詞在句子中可以作定語、表語、賓語補足語、狀語。

　　Who is the woman standing by the door？（定語）

　　The girl dressed in white is my sister.（定語）

　　A letter posted today will probably reach in the day after towmorrow.（定語）

　　The theory sounds quite convincing. （表語 物作主語表語是ing的形式，人作表語分詞用ed的形式。）

　　She seemed quite delighted at the idea. （表語）

　　Working in this way， they greatly reduced the cost.（狀語）

　　Not even pausing to put on the coat， I ran out of the door.（狀語）

　　Built in Ming Dynasty， the bridge is over 800 years old.（狀語）

　　Do you see a boy running towards us？（賓語補足語）

　　（感官動詞如：see， hear， feel， watch 后可跟動名詞，也可跟不定式，但意思有區(qū)別。Do you see a boy run towards us？  ）

　　Youd better have your shoes mended.（賓語補足語，have sth. done 讓別人作某事）

　　If students are caught cheating in exams， they will be kicked out of school. （賓語補足語，（kick sb. out of sth.： 驅(qū)趕某人。They knocked him out （of the club） for fighting. ）

　　實義動詞have后面可以接三種形式作賓語補足語：現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞，省略to的不定式。

　　have接現(xiàn)在分詞（表示持續(xù)的動作）

　　The hunters had the fire burning all the night in the woods.

　　have接過去分詞（表示被動）

　　My mother had her hair cut as soon as she finished her work.

　　Liping had two of his teeth knocked out in the fight at school.

　　have接省略to的不定式（表示“讓某人干某事”）。

　　The teacher always has us recite texts.

　　3.分詞作狀語

　　與謂語動詞相比，作狀語的分詞表示的都是比較次要的動作。它可以表示時間、條件和原因，也可以說明謂語動作發(fā)生的背景，描述謂語動作的狀況或伴隨謂語動作發(fā)生的情況。

　　They sat facing each other.（伴隨）

　　She left the hall still weeping.（伴隨）

　　Insisting that we were not tired ， we urged him to go on.（urge要求，讓）

　　分詞變否定，在分詞前加not.

　　Not knowing his address， we couldnt get in touch with him.（get in touch with sb.和某人保持聯(lián)系，原因）

　　Seeing those pictures， I couldnt help thinking of the days we spent together. （時間）

　　Absorbed in the work， he neglected food and sleep. （背景）

　　He soon fell asleep， exhausted by the journey.（原因）

　　Seen from the hill， the city looks magnificent. （條件）

　　分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語一般就是句子的主語，邏輯主語無需表達出來。當兩者不一致時，分詞的邏輯主語應明確表達出來。

　　She rushed into the room， her face covered with sweat.

　　Weather permitting， well have a picnic tomorrow.

　　Her eyes dimmed with tears， she did not see her mother enter.（dim 模糊）

　　All things considered， her paper is of greater value than yours.

　　（be of value=be valuable）

　　4. 現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式與被動式

　　當分詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語表示的動作之前時，分詞應用完成式。構(gòu)成：having +過去分詞。

　　Having finished his homework， the boy began to watch TV.

　　Not having made adequate preparations， they thought it better to postpone the work till next week.

　　The guest having left， they continued their discussion.

　　在表示被動的含義時，如果該動作此刻正在進行，或與謂語表示的動作同時發(fā)生，就要用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動形式。構(gòu)成：being+過去分詞。

　　The building being repaired is our library.

　　Youll find the topic being talked about everywhere.

　　過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式都可以表示被動，試比較下面兩例，看一看兩者之間的區(qū)別。

　　Do you know anything about the meeting being held in Beijing？（會議正在進行）

　　Do you know anything about the meeting held in Beiing？（會議已經(jīng)結(jié)束）

　　現(xiàn)在分詞被動式表示正在干什么，過去分詞被動式表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事。

　�。ㄈ�）分詞

　　1. When I returned home， I found the window open and a number of things _____.

　　A. to steal      B. stealing      C. stolen        D. missed

　　東西用miss要用現(xiàn)在分詞。

　　答案 C

　　2. Not too many years ago， it was an ______ experience to travel 25 or 50 miles from home.

　　A. excited       B. exciting       C. excitement      D. excitingly

　　答案 B

　　3. Some of the guests _______ to the party were from other cities.

　　A. to invite    B. invited       C. being invited      D. had been invited

　　invite sb.邀請別人

　　答案 B

　　4. The telephone was invented in 1876 by a man _______ Alexander Graham Bell.

　　A. named       B. naming       C. that names       D. who named

　　D的正確答案為：who was named）

　　答案 A

　　5. ________ the room， the teacher laid the instrument on the device.

　　A. Entering    B. To enter     C. Having entered    D. Having been entered

　　答案 C

　　6. _______ the street， he was knocked down by a car.

　　A. While crossing              B. While crossed

　　C. Being crossing              D. Being crossed

　　答案 A

　　7. The doctor soon made the _______ patient feel at ease.

　　A. worried       B. worrying      C. worry        D. worries

　　答案 A

　　8. He spoke clearly in order to _______.

　　A. make him understanding       B. make him understand

　　C. make himself understood       D. make himself understand

　　答案 C

　　9. I am ______ to hear that a man of your age and with such good sense should talk in this way.

　　A. astonish      B. astonishing     C. astonished    D. to astonish

　　答案 C

　　10. The cinema， _______ last month， is very popular， especially among the young people in the town.

　　A. opened      B. to open        C. opens        D. having opened

　　D的正確答案為having been opened

　　答案 A

　　11. I wrote a letter to my parents， ________ them that I would spend the New Years Day with them.

　　A. telling      B. told        C. to be told           D. be told

　　答案 A

　　12. The musician， ________ for his splendid speech， was warmly received by the students.

　　A. known     B. being known     C. knowing         D. having known

　　答案 A

　　13. The guests were _______ in the front rows ________ to the president attentively.

　　A. seating ； listened              B. seating ； listening

　　C. seated ； listened              D. seated ； listening

　　seat： v. 用于被動語態(tài)。be seated： 使某人就坐。

　　答案 D

　　14. “What exactly did you see， Miss Garner？”

　　“Well， I saw ________.”

　　A. a bank being robbed with two men     B. robbing a bank two men    C. two men robbing a bank             D. two men who rob a bank

　　D的正確答案為：two men who robbed a bank

　　答案 C

　　15. Would you be _______ by the idea of going to Greece？

　　A. exciting      B. excited        C. excitable       D. excitedly

　　excitable： 易興奮的，易激動的。 an excitable child 一個易興奮的孩子；an excitable race of people 一個易沖動的民族。

　　答案 A

　　16. “Why did you leave the meeting early？”

　　“I found the discussion ________.”

　　A. boring      B. bored       C. bore          D. boredom

　　B的正確答案：Im bored.

　　boredom n.厭煩

　　答案 A

　　17. Is there anything you want from town？ I am going to get _______.

　　A. these letters mailed             B. mailed letters

　　C. to mail those letters            D. those letters mail

　　get=have

　　have sth. done 讓別人做某事

　　答案 A

　　18. Returning to my apartment _______.

　　A. my watch was missing         B. I found my watch disappeared

　　C. I found my watch missing       D. the watch was missed

　　答案 C

　　19. Whistling  merry tune， ___________.

　　A. the Tire was fixed            B. the tire was fixed by Jack

　　C. Jack fixed the tire            D. Jack was fixed with the tire

　　答案 C

　　20. His Health failing， _______ in 1782.

　　A.so Henry Lee went on leave from the army

　　B.the army gave Henry Lee leave

　　C.when the army gave Henry Lee leave

　　D.Henry Lee went on leave from the army

　　go on leave 休假

　　答案 D

　　21. Weather _______， the picnic will be held as scheduled.

　　A. permits     B. permitting      C. will permit       D. should permit

　　答案 B

　　22. ______ left before the deadline， it doesnt seem likely that John will finish the job.

　　A. Although such a short time        B. It is such a short

　　C. With so short time              D. With such a short time

　　C的正確答案為：with so short the time

　　答案 D

　�。ㄈ�）分詞

　　考試重點：考生應特別注意現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別，區(qū)別這兩類分詞的標準主要有兩點：

　�。�1）看動詞所表示的動作是主動的還是被動的，主動的用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之用過去分詞。

　�。�2）看動作是正在進行還是已經(jīng)完成，動作正在進行用現(xiàn)在分詞，動作已經(jīng)完成用過去分詞。如：

　　1.She found her husband surrounded by letters and papers and ________ very worried.

　　A. look       B. to look       C. looks        D. looking

　　（答案 D）

　　2.Water ________ into vapor by the sun falls as rain.

　　A. turns     B. turned       C. turning        D. is turned（答案 B）

　　3.China is a _______ country while the U.S. is a _________ country.

　　A. developed ； developed         B. developing ； developed

　　C. developing ； developing         D. developed ； developing

　�。ù鸢� B）

　　七、虛擬語氣

　　虛擬語氣主要表示假想虛擬的情況以及主觀愿望、建議、命令等。

　�。ㄒ唬┨摂M語氣的基本用法

　　1.在含if引導的條件句的復合句中

　　如果假設的情況不可能發(fā)生或發(fā)生的可能性不大，則主句和從句的謂語都要用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣在不同語態(tài)中的表現(xiàn)形式如下：

　　1）一般現(xiàn)在時

　　從句：過去式（be 動詞多用were）

　　主句：would / could / might +動詞原形

　　如：I would certainly go if I had time.

　　If it werent raining， we wouldnt stay at home.

　　2）一般過去時

　　從句：had +過去分詞

　　主句：would / could / might + have 過去分詞

　　如：She would have come if she hadnt been so busy.

　　You wouldnt have caught cold if you had put on more clothes.

　　3）一般將來時

　　從句：過去時，或were to / should +動詞原形

　　主句：would / should +動詞原形

　　如：If I were to （should） do it， I would do it in a different way.

　　We wouldnt lose courage if we should （were to） fail again.

　　有時從句表示的動作和主句表示的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，謂語形式要根據(jù)具體的時間來調(diào)整。

　　If you had followed the doctors advice， you wouldnt be in hospital now.

　　If I had spoken to him yesterday， I should know what to do now.

　　有時候假設的情況通過介詞短語、上下文等來表示，這時句子仍然要用虛擬語氣。

　　But for the storm， we should have arrived earlier.

　　I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have attended the meeting.

　　I would have written before， but I have been ill.

　　She would have cried， but that he would laugh.（But that ： 要不是）

　　條件從句中如果含有助動詞be， have， should， 可以將if省略，把這些詞放到主語的前面。

　　Had we made preparations， we might have succeeded.

　　Should there be a storm， what should we do？

　　Had they time， they would certainly come and help her.

　　2.在as if， as though引導的從句中

　　as if， as though引導的從句，如果表示的情況與現(xiàn)實不符，從句需用虛擬語氣。表示現(xiàn)在的情況，謂語常用過去式，表示過去的情況，謂語常用“had +過去分詞”。如：

　　I remember the whole thing as if （as though） it happened （were） yesterday.

　　He spoke to me as if I were deaf.

　　It seems as if it was summer today.

　　It seemed as if winter had come

　　3.在wish后面的賓語從句中

　　從句如果表示的是現(xiàn)在的情況，謂語一般用過去式，如果表示的是過去的情況，謂語用“had +過去分詞”。如：

　　I wish I were as strong as you.

　　Many children wish they could see the Monkey King.

　　He wishes he had studied economy instead of mathematics when he was at college.

　　4.在It is time （that） 后面的從句中

　　從句的謂語常用過去式。如：

　　It is time we made a decision.我們該做決定了。

　　It is about time you went to school.你早該睡覺了。

　　It is hight time that he prepared for the coming examination.他早該為考試做準備了。

　　5.在suggest， propose， advise， recommend， order， demand， request， desire， insist （堅決主張）等后面的賓語從句，suggestion， proposal， advice， order等后面的表語和同位語從句，以及It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed / ordered 等后面的主語從句中，從句的謂語要用“should +動詞原形”（should可以省略）。如：

　　I suggest we set off at once.（set off 出發(fā)）

　　My suggestion is that we （should） tell her.

　　Our only request is that this （should） be settled as soon as possible.

　　The doctor insists that he give up smoking.

　　She desires that her husband do it.

　　It is desired that he should get everything ready by tomorrow.

　　What do you think of his proposal that a committee be set up to look into the matter？

　　It was ordered that they leave the city within three days.

　　6.在It is necessary， It is important， It is essential， It is strange 等后面的主語從句中，謂語用“should + 動詞原形”（should可以省略）。如：

　　It is necessary that every student recite these new words.

　　It is important that a scientist （should） keep up with the latest development in his field.（keep up with 跟上、趕上）

　　It is strange that she （should ） have failed in the exam.

　　7.以lest（以免）， for fear that（以免） 和in case（以免）引起的從句（謂語多用should加動詞原形構(gòu)成）

　　He took his umbrella lest it should rain.

　　He put his coat over his son for fear that （lest） he should catch cold.

　　Bring some money in case you should need it.

　�。ㄒ唬┨摂M語氣的基本用法

　　1.要掌握虛擬語氣if條件從句和主句分別的結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　2.特殊情況。

　　1. He went on foot， but he _______ by bus.

　　A. might gone           B. should gone

　　C. should have gone    D. ought have gone

　　答案 C

　　2. You shouldnt have run across the road without looking round， you ______ by a car.

　　A. might be knocked down        B. might have been knocked down

　　C. might knock down              D. might be knocking down

　　答案 B

　　3. Why is the rubbish still here？ It ought to _______ yesterday.

　　A. be thrown away           B. have thrown away

　　C. have been thrown away       D. throw away

　　答案 C

　　4. If you had taken my advice， none of this ________.

　　A. would happen                   B. had happened

　　C. would have happened           D. has happened

　　答案 C

　　5. Everything _______ if Albert hadnt called the fire department immediately after the fire broke out.

　　A. would destroy                 B. would be destroyed

　　C. would have destroyed           D. would have been destroyed

　　broke out（break out） 爆發(fā)

　　答案 D

　　6. Its high time ________ about the traffic problem.

　　A. something was done            B. everything is done

　　C. anything will be done           D. nothing to be done

　　答案 A

　　7. It is necessary that we ________ have a good command of English at college.

　　A. must       B. have to         C. should        D. ought to

　　答案 C

　　8. I _______ worry too much if I were you.

　　A. oughtnt       B. mustnt       C. neednt       D. wouldnt

　　答案 D

　　9. If we _______ sooner， we might have got there.

　　A. started    B. had started       C. would have started   D. start

　　答案 B

　　10. “The taxi only took ten minutes to get to the hotel.”

　　“______ you were coming today， Id have met you at the airport.”

　　A. Have I known    B. I have known    C. Had I known   D. I had known

　　答案 C

　　11. The business is risky. But _______ ， we would be rich.

　　A. should we succeed          B. would we succeed

　　C. might we succeed           D. could we succeed

　　答案 A

　　12. If you ________ that late movie last night， you wouldnt be sleepy.

　　A. havent watched              B. hadnt watched

　　C. didnt watch                  D. wouldnt have watched

　　答案 B

　　13. “John wants to see you today.”

　　“I would rather he ______ tomorrow than today.”

　　A. comes         B. came      C. should come      D. has come

　　答案 B

　　14. Id rather you _______ anything about it for the time being.

　　A. do         B. didnt do      C. dont        D. didnt

　　答案 B

　　15. Its about time he _______ himself a wife and settled down.

　　A. finds     B. found        C. should find     D. had found

　　答案 B

　　16. “I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”

　　“Thats all right， but I wish he _______ buy one of his own.”

　　A. can       B. may       C. could          D. will

　　答案 C

　　17. I wish I _______ to study mathematics years ago.

　　A. could start    B. can start      C. had started      D. started

　　答案 C

　　18. It is desired that he _______ his plan.

　　A. carries out              B. will carry out

　　C. carry out                D. carried out

　　答案 C

　　19. Since her blood pressure is much higher than it should be， her doctor insists that she _______.

　　A. will not smoke                 B. should not smoke

　　C. not smoke                     D. Both B and C

　　答案 D

　　20. The police chief ordered that parking _______ on Main Street during the rush hour.

　　A. be prohibited                   B. be prohibiting

　　C. is prohibited                   D. was prohibited

　　prohibit 禁止

　　答案 A

　　21. The mother rejected my suggestion that she _______ her daughter the next week.

　　A. would meet    B. shall meet       C. meet         D. met

　　答案 C

　　22. The housemaster requested that we ______ television on week nights.

　　A. not watch     B. shouldnt watch   C. didnt watch     D. both A and B

　　答案 D

　　23. Some days go by much more quickly than others. Some hours seem as if they _____.

　　A. will never end             B. would never end

　　C. have never ended           D. had never ended

　　答案 B

　　24. “You finally made it， didnt you？”

　　“Yes， _______ your help， I would have not succeeded.”

　　A. but that     B. but for      C. but if           D. thanks to

　　but for 接名詞跟虛擬語氣

　　答案 B

　　25. Its high time the child _______ how to behave properly.

　　A. learns      B. learning        C. to learn       D. learned

　　答案 D

　　26. I wish that the weather ________ not so warm.

　　A. had         B. be          C. were          D. is

　　答案 C

　　虛擬語氣的表現(xiàn)形式主要有兩種。一種是改變時態(tài)，主要用于帶if條件句的句子、as if 從句、wish后面的從句、It is time后面的從句。如：

　　1.If I were you， I would take the job.

　　2.If I had come yesterday， I would have gone for the picnic with you.

　　3.In spite of the noise， he went on working as if nothing were happening.

　　4.Mary wishes that she ________ law instead of history when she   was in college.

　　A. study      B. studied      C. has studied           D. had studied（答案 D）

　　5.It is high time _________ about the traffic problem

　　A. something was done            B. everything is done

　　C. anything will be done            D. nothing to be done

　　（答案 A）

　　虛擬語氣的另一種表現(xiàn)形式是謂語用“should + 動詞原形（should可以省略）”。常見于suggest， propose， order， insist 等詞后面的賓語從句，It is suggested that … 等主語從句，以及suggestion， order， proposal等詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句。如：

　　1.I suggest that she （should） be sent to hospital as soon as possible.

　　2.It is suggested that ________ a while before we make a decision.

　　A. she waited      B. she wait      C. she waits      D. she will wait

　　（答案 B）

　　3.He made the proposal that the dispute be settled by peaceful means.

• 閱讀上一篇：成考專升本英語復習輔導資料三
• 閱讀下一篇：成考專升本英語復習輔導資料七