第十一節(jié)  強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、省略句15-1

　　一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句（參見(jiàn)it的用法）

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)句型由“It is （was） + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成份（主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)）+ that”構(gòu)成，當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)表示人時(shí)，that可以用who替代，謂語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)保持一致。

　　It is he who speaks English fluently.

　　It was not until midnight that he went to sleep last night.

　　二、倒裝句

　　句子在以下場(chǎng)合往往用倒裝的句序：

　　1.以here， there開(kāi)頭的句子。

　　Here comes the bus.

　　2.以so， nor， neither引導(dǎo)的省略句。

　　如果前一個(gè)句子是肯定句，后邊用so來(lái)引導(dǎo)倒裝，這種句子是部分倒轉(zhuǎn)：助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+正常語(yǔ)序。如果前一個(gè)句子是否定句，后邊用nor或neither引導(dǎo)，結(jié)構(gòu)同so.倒裝句在時(shí)態(tài)上應(yīng)與前面的句子保持一致，助動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)保持一致。

　　If you can do it， so can I.

　　I like watch football matches， so does my brother.

　　If you wont go， neither will he.

　　My sister doesnt like potatoes， nor do I.

　　3.“only +狀語(yǔ)（從句）”，否定或具有否定意義的詞位于句首作狀語(yǔ)或引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的句子。

　　Only in this way can you hope to improve your English.

　　Not only did he show himself as a good student， but he also proved himself a good athlete.

　　Scarcely had I sat down when I heard the telephone rang.（scarcely…when=as aoon as）

　　Hardly had he arrived in the city when he heard the bad news.

　　（hardly…when=as soon as）

　　No sooner had he come home than he was asked to start on another journey.（no sooner…than=as soon as）

　　Little did I know about the matter.

　　In no way can theory be separated from practice.

　　1. I visited Zhangjiajie last summer. Never in my life ______ so beautiful a place like that.

　　A. I had seen     B. did I see     C. have I seen     D. I shall see

　　答案 C

　　2. _______ the importance of wearing seat belts while driving.

　　A. Little they realize             B. They little do realize

　　C. Little realize do they           D. Little do they realize

　　答案 D

　　3. “Someone ate my cookies.”

　　“Well， I didnt and _______ Alice.”

　　A. neither was    B. nor did      C. neither     D. nor was

　　答案 B

　　4. _______ the words to the songs， but he also composes （作曲） the music.

　　A. He also writes           B. Although he writes

　　C. Not only does he write     D. Even if he writes

　　答案 C

　　5. No sooner ______ than the jeep started off.

　　A. his luggage was loaded             B. had his luggage been loaded

　　C. loaded his luggage                D. his luggage was being loaded

　　答案 B

　　6. Scarcely had he gone out ________.

　　A. that it started to snow             B. that it started to snow

　　C. when it started to snow             D. and it started to snow

　　no sooner……than；scarcely……when；

　　答案 C

　　7. “I like the film.”

　　“________.”

　　A. Nor do I      B. Neither do I    C. Either do I     D. So do I

　　答案 D

　　8. No sooner _______ got to the station than it began to rain heavily.

　　A. had I      B. have I          C. I had         D. I have

　　答案 A

　　9. ________， Mr. Brown couldnt keep the shop properly.

　　A. As he worked hard           B. As he worked hardly

　　C. Hard as he worked           D. Hardly as he worked

　　答案 C

　　10. Hardly _______ when the bus suddenly pulled away.

　　A. they had got to the bus stop     B. they got to the bus stop

　　C. did they get to the bus stop       D. had they got to the bus stop

　　pull away 開(kāi)走，離開(kāi)

　　答案 D

　　11. “Eric didnt want to miss the class.”

　　“_______ did Bill.”

　　A. Either        B. Whether      C. Neither       D. No

　　答案 C

　　12. “Jane has certainly been working hard.”

　　“_______.”

　　A. So have her brothers          B. So her brothers have

　　C. Her brothers have too         D. So have been her brothers

　　答案 A

　　倒裝句主要用于兩種場(chǎng)合：

　�。�1）so， neither， nor引導(dǎo)的省略句。

　　考生應(yīng)注意省略句中助動(dòng)詞的選擇，其時(shí)態(tài)往往由前面的句子決定，單、復(fù)數(shù)由其后面的主語(yǔ)決定。

　　1.Distrust can be contagious（傳染的）。 But so can trust.

　　2.John is learning Spanish. _______ his sister.

　　A. So does       B. Neither is       C. Nor does         D. So is

　　3.Man cannot live by bread alone， nor / neither can he live without bread.

　　4.He has never been to London ， nor / neither have we.

　�。�2）“only+狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句”、否定或具有否定意義的詞作狀語(yǔ)或引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首。

　　1.Only if you have a receipt ________ change the goods.

　　A. we can      B. will we         C. we do          D. we will

　　only if： 只要，只有<用于句首，后接從句，主謂倒裝> 答案 B

　　2.Never before _________ seen such beautiful clothes designed by such a young lady.（答案 B）

　　A. he has      B. has he       C. have he           D. he have

　　3. Hardly had he arrived home when it began to rain.

　　4. Not until the game had begun _________ at the sports ground.

　　A. he arrived        B. did he arrive       C. he didnt       D. would he arrive（答案 B）

　　三、省略句

　　1.對(duì)話(huà)中內(nèi)容省略

　　“Will you join us？” “Id love to”

　　“Im hungry. ” “Are you？”

　　“What did you buy？” “A dictionary.”

　　2.不定式省略

　　Ill buy the tickets if you want me to.

　　I meant to write to you， but forgot to.

　　3.并列句中成份省略

　　He majors in French and I in Russian.

　　They tried to help her， but in vain.

　　4.復(fù)合句中成份省略

　　Look out for cars when crossing the street.（look out 當(dāng)心）

　　To criticize like him one must be as wise.

　　5. do有時(shí)用于省略句中，替代上文出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞及其賓語(yǔ)。如：

　　Computers are supposed to save time， but Im not so sure they do. （save time）

　　be supposed to do sth.：

　　1. 被期望或被要求做某事

　　They were supposed to be here an hour ago.

　　2. 用于否定句中，獲準(zhǔn)做某事。

　　Youre not supposed to play football in the classroom.

　　“The old house belongs to the Greens.”

　　“Oh， no， ________.”（答案 C）

　　A. it mustnt     B. it hasnt     C. it doesnt       D. it didnt

　�。╞elong to 屬于）

　　省略句常運(yùn)用于是常對(duì)話(huà)的上下文中。如I think so， Id love to， Im afraid not 等。句型“Why not …？”以及動(dòng)詞do也常在考核點(diǎn)之列，考生應(yīng)注意Why not 后面接動(dòng)詞原形，而動(dòng)詞do或其過(guò)去式常可以用來(lái)代替上文中的動(dòng)詞及其賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。

　　1.Why not ________ as she likes ？

　　A. let her to do                     B. letting her to do

　　C. let her do                       D. lets her do

　�。ù鸢� C）

　　2.“Ill ring her up when I go out to lunch.”

　　“Why not do it now？”（it代替的是ring her up）

　　3.She plays the piano better now than she did last year.

　　（did代替的是played the piano）

　　4.“Who broke the window？”

　　“I did.”（did代替的是broke the window）

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